Revision of Chemistry (April >>>) (follow along with jotter when revising these cards.)

Question 1

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Answer 1

a compound has 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded, and element is a substance made of only 1 atom

Question 2

How is an ion formed?

Answer 2

When an atom loses or gains electrons

Question 3

What does the term diatomic mean

Answer 3

a molecule that contains 2 atoms

Question 4

what are the 7 diatomic elements?

Answer 4

Hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,fluorine,chlorine,bromine,iodine

Question 5

why do atoms bond?

Answer 5

to gather a full outer shell of electrons (Stable)

Question 6

how do atoms bond?

Answer 6

By sharing or transferring electrons.

Question 7

what are the three types of bonding, and do they bond with metals or non metals?

Answer 7

ionic, metal and non metal,
Covalent, non metals
Metallic, metals

Question 8

what kind of bonding would you find with the diatomic elements?

Answer 8

Covalent

Question 9

what is an ionic bond

Answer 9

an ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 10

What type of diagram is made for a ionic bond?

Answer 10

lattice

Question 11

what is a metallic bond?

Answer 11

a metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 12

what does delocalised mean?

Answer 12

free to move

Question 13

draw a metallic lattice

Answer 13

(metallic lattice diagram)

Question 14

draw a ionic lattice

Answer 14

(ionic lattice diagram)

Question 15

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 15

a covalent bond is the mutual attraction of 2 positive nuclei for a shared pair of electrons

Question 16

what are the two types of covalent bonding?

Answer 16

covalent network
covalent molecular

Question 17

what is a molecule?

Answer 17

a fixed number of atoms bonded together (e.g water H20)

Question 18

state the molecule, shape and structure for Hydrogen

Answer 18

H2, linear, single bond

Question 19

state the molecule, shape and structure for water

Answer 19

H2O, angular, double bond

Question 20

state the molecule, shape and structure for Ammonia

Answer 20

NH3,trigonal pyramidal, triple bond

Question 21

state the molecule, shape and structure for Methane

Answer 21

CH4, tetrahedral, quadruple bond

Question 22

what is a covalent network?

Answer 22

a covalent network is made when an infinite number of atoms are covalently bonded together. The number of atoms involved depends on the size of the sample

Question 23

what makes carbon different from other non metals?

Answer 23

it conducts electricity

Question 24

how many bonds does graphite have?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

how many bonds does a diamond have?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

is diamond and graphite elements or compounds?

Answer 26

elements as they are both made from just pure carbon.

Question 27

what is the written formula for sand?

Answer 27

Silicon Dioxide - SiO2

Question 28

At what temperature does covalent molecular melt at? Why?

Answer 28

low, since it has a weak intermolecular force

Question 29

At what temperature does covalent network melt at? Why?

Answer 29

high, since their strong covalent bonds need to be broken

Question 30

At what temperature does ionic melt at? Why?

Answer 30

high, strong electrostatic attraction

Question 31

At what temperature does metallic melt at? Why?

Answer 31

high with the exception of mercury, due to strong electrostatic attraction

Question 32

Is covalent moleculars conductive? Why

Answer 32

no since there are no free moving charges

Question 33

Is covalent networks conductive? why

Answer 33

no except graphite since it has delocalised electrons

Question 34

Is ionics conductive? why

Answer 34

only when in a solution or molten since ions are free to move

Question 35

Is metallics conductive? why

Answer 35

yes they have delocalised electrons which allow the electricity to flow

Question 36

is covalent molecular soluable? why

Answer 36

in some things but not always water

Question 37

is covalent network soluable?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

is ionic soluable?

Answer 38

yes in water

Question 39

is metals soluable?

Answer 39

no dont dissolve in anything

Question 40

⚫-------⚫ what is this called

Answer 40

line

Question 41

---------⚫ / \ / \ ⚫ ⚫

Answer 41

angular

Question 42

⚫---------⚫ / \ / \ ⚫ ⚫

Answer 42

trigonal pyramid

Question 43

⚫-------------⚫----------⚫ / \ / \ ⚫ ⚫

Answer 43

tetrahedral

Question 44

what are all of these diagrams called?

Answer 44

covalent molecular shapes

Question 45

what two types of bond have a lattice?

Answer 45

metallic and ionic