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Zchem > Revision of Chemistry (April >>>) (follow along with jotter when revising these cards.) > Flashcards

Revision of Chemistry (April >>>) (follow along with jotter when revising these cards.) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

a compound has 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded, and element is a substance made of only 1 atom

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2
Q

How is an ion formed?

A

When an atom loses or gains electrons

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3
Q

What does the term diatomic mean

A

a molecule that contains 2 atoms

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4
Q

what are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

Hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,fluorine,chlorine,bromine,iodine

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5
Q

why do atoms bond?

A

to gather a full outer shell of electrons (Stable)

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6
Q

how do atoms bond?

A

By sharing or transferring electrons.

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7
Q

what are the three types of bonding, and do they bond with metals or non metals?

A

ionic, metal and non metal,
Covalent, non metals
Metallic, metals

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8
Q

what kind of bonding would you find with the diatomic elements?

A

Covalent

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9
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

an ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

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10
Q

What type of diagram is made for a ionic bond?

A

lattice

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11
Q

what is a metallic bond?

A

a metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons

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12
Q

what does delocalised mean?

A

free to move

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13
Q

draw a metallic lattice

A

(metallic lattice diagram)

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14
Q

draw a ionic lattice

A

(ionic lattice diagram)

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15
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

a covalent bond is the mutual attraction of 2 positive nuclei for a shared pair of electrons

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16
Q

what are the two types of covalent bonding?

A

covalent network
covalent molecular

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17
Q

what is a molecule?

A

a fixed number of atoms bonded together (e.g water H20)

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18
Q

state the molecule, shape and structure for Hydrogen

A

H2, linear, single bond

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19
Q

state the molecule, shape and structure for water

A

H2O, angular, double bond

20
Q

state the molecule, shape and structure for Ammonia

A

NH3,trigonal pyramidal, triple bond

21
Q

state the molecule, shape and structure for Methane

A

CH4, tetrahedral, quadruple bond

22
Q

what is a covalent network?

A

a covalent network is made when an infinite number of atoms are covalently bonded together. The number of atoms involved depends on the size of the sample

23
Q

what makes carbon different from other non metals?

A

it conducts electricity

24
Q

how many bonds does graphite have?

A

3

25
Q

how many bonds does a diamond have?

A

4

26
Q

is diamond and graphite elements or compounds?

A

elements as they are both made from just pure carbon.

27
Q

what is the written formula for sand?

A

Silicon Dioxide - SiO2

28
Q

At what temperature does covalent molecular melt at? Why?

A

low, since it has a weak intermolecular force

29
Q

At what temperature does covalent network melt at? Why?

A

high, since their strong covalent bonds need to be broken

30
Q

At what temperature does ionic melt at? Why?

A

high, strong electrostatic attraction

31
Q

At what temperature does metallic melt at? Why?

A

high with the exception of mercury, due to strong electrostatic attraction

32
Q

Is covalent moleculars conductive? Why

A

no since there are no free moving charges

33
Q

Is covalent networks conductive? why

A

no except graphite since it has delocalised electrons

34
Q

Is ionics conductive? why

A

only when in a solution or molten since ions are free to move

35
Q

Is metallics conductive? why

A

yes they have delocalised electrons which allow the electricity to flow

36
Q

is covalent molecular soluable? why

A

in some things but not always water

37
Q

is covalent network soluable?

A

no

38
Q

is ionic soluable?

A

yes in water

39
Q

is metals soluable?

A

no dont dissolve in anything

40
Q

⚫——-⚫ what is this called

A

line

41
Q

———⚫
/ \
/ \
⚫ ⚫

A

angular

42
Q

⚫———⚫
/ \
/ \
⚫ ⚫

A

trigonal pyramid

43
Q

⚫————-⚫———-⚫
/ \
/ \
⚫ ⚫

A

tetrahedral

44
Q

what are all of these diagrams called?

A

covalent molecular shapes

45
Q

what two types of bond have a lattice?

A

metallic and ionic

Zchem (3 decks)

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