Revision Notes EoY

Question 1

Burgess’ Urban Model

Answer 1

CBD (Central Business District):

• Main commercial Buildings
• Very expensive land
• High Rent ( favoured by many different land type users)
• Buildings are very tall
• Main transport links
• Easily accessible

Inner City:

• Factories/closed Factories
• Cheap small housing (workers)
• Significant Redevelopment*
• • Improve the area ( Housing, Industry )

Inner Suburbs:

• Mainly Residential
• Semi-Detached
• Housing along main roads, Larger behind roads
• Garages, Gardens ( Space in between )
• Main transport = Car
• Wider roads

Outer Suburbs:

• Very edge of City
• Attractive land
• Close to urban area for Jobs/Entertainment
• Commonly Retail Parks alongside gol course, stables etc.
• Usually the cheapest

Rural Urban Fringe (RUF):

• Countryside
• More wildlife
• Farms
• MASSIVE houses.

Question 2

Urban Area

Answer 2

An area of High Population.

Question 3

Causes of Urban Area Growth

Answer 3

Push Pull Factor - Less opportunities in Rural parts. Migrate for better opportunities like buildings, jobs, money.

Question 4

Urban Land use Zones

Answer 4

CBD - Commercial, Business
Inner City - Industrial
Suburbs - Residential
RUF - Agricultural

Question 5

CBD, Suburb Name studied in Kingston

Answer 5

CBD - Grove

Suburbs - Old Malden

Question 6

Quality of Life

Answer 6

Wealth of people; Housing, Employment, Diversity of people

Question 7

Grid Reference

Answer 7

4 grid - (Easting)(Northing)

6 grid - (Easting)Integer,(Northing)Integer

Question 8

Weather

Answer 8

Day to Day change of atmosphere

• Specific on:
• Wind speeds
• Precipitation
• Temperature
• Clouds, Sunshine

Question 9

Climate

Answer 9

Average conditions, over long periods (years e.g) and over large areas (Europe e.g).

• Temperature
• Rainfall

Question 10

World Climate Zones

Answer 10

Polar - Cold N’ Dry
Temperate - Cold Winter, Mild Summer, Rain year round
Arid - Hot N’ Dry
Tropical - Hot all year, WET N’ DRY seasons
Mediterranean - Mild Winters, Hot summers
Trop. Equatorial - Hot. Everyday RAIN
Mountains - y e s
Tundra - Cool Summer, Very Cold Winters. Low precipitation.
Hot Desert - Hot year round. Very dry. Almost no rain.

Question 11

Climate Factors

Answer 11

Latitude - Distance to Equator. Further = less heat (Sun ray travel distance).
Altitude - 1 degrees C colder per 100m. Less heated ground = Less heated air = C O L D.
Continentality - Inland = no insulation to sea. Hot Summer, Cold WinterSea warms and cools slower than land (s p o o n). Coastal = Warm Summer, Mild Winters.
Ocean Currents - Pushes water in directions. Warm Water = Evaporate.
Wind/Air Mass - Winds can bring moist air, cold air, dry air, hot air, warm air.
Seasonality - Daylight and Moonlight. Higher Lat = more seasonal change. Opposite season for hemispheres = Summer Northern = Winter Southern.

Question 12

Rainfall Types

Answer 12

Convectional - Heated air rises from Heated Ground. Then cools, condenses and clouds form. It rains.

Relief - Heated air forced to rise over a mountain (e.g). Cools, condenses, clouds form. Rains over raised ground. Air falls down, meaning no rain. Rain shadow.

FRONTAL RAIN:

Warm Front - Warm air rises over heavy density of cold air. Rains. Less rainy than cold front:

Cold Front - Cold air barges under warm air, usually a lot. Rains HEAVILY.

Question 13

Air Pressure

Answer 13

Atmospheric pressure on the earth.

Question 14

High Pressure

Answer 14

Air is pushed towards the Earth. Air cannot rise. No rain.

Basically Air falls to the surface.

Question 15

Low Pressure

Answer 15

Weak pressure on air. Air rises. Rains.

Question 16

Winter High Pressure

Answer 16

No clouds, Cold Weather.

Question 17

Summer High Pressure

Answer 17

No Clouds, No protection from Sun = Warm Weather. Night is cold because no clouds reflect warmth back like a blanket. Warmth escapes.

Question 18

Air Mass

Answer 18

Huge blocks of air which can affect the weather in a place. Can be:

• Damp
• Dry
• Warm
• Cold
• Depends on origins and what surface they have travelled over.

Question 19

Specific Air Masses

Answer 19

Arctic Maritime - From Arctic. Cold, Wet air as well as some snow (Winter).

Polar Maritime - From Greenland. Cold, Wet air as well as Cold, Showery Weather.

Tropical Maritime - From Atlantic. Warm, Moist air as well as cloudy, rain and mild weather.

Tropical Continental - From N.Africa. Hot, Dry air during Summer.

Polar Continental - From Central Europe. Hot air. Means Dry Summers and Cold air, which brings Snow (Winter).

Question 20

Depression

Answer 20

An area of Low Pressure. Moves from West to East in the Hemisphere.

Question 21

Moving Through Warm Front

Answer 21

Rainfall - Drizzle followed by heavy rain.
Cloud Density - Begins to thicken. Continues getting lower.
Temperature - Rises Steadily
Pressure - Falls Steadily
Winds - Becomes blustery. Increasing wind speeds.

Question 22

Moving Through Cold Front

Answer 22

• Heavy Rain
• Dark, Heavy Clouds (Cumulonimbus)
• Sudden Temperature Drop as Cold Front passes.
• Pressure rises rapidly
• Wind Direction sharply changes. Speeds increasing, max.Gale force.

Question 23

Hurricanes

Answer 23

A Tropical Storm that forms 8-20N degrees from the Equator.

• Forms after steady windspeed of 74mph.
• Eye of Hurricane is a calm wind; it’s a high pressure area, giving off an eerie sense before the raging storm.
• Storm Surge = wave of water before the storm.
• The Wall of the hurricane is the most destructive.

Question 24

Formation of Hurricane

Answer 24

Warm air over an ocean quickly condenses and form clouds as a Cumulonimbus. This formation of clouds releases heat.

• Cumulonimbus help powers tropical storm.
• Eastern Winds spiral the storm. Storm intensifies.

Question 25

Globalisation

Answer 25

The Interconnectedness between countries and people.
E.G a buyer of trousers in UK and the manufacturer in China.

This shows the connection of trade and culture.