Revision Notes EoY Flashcards
Burgess’ Urban Model
CBD (Central Business District):
- Main commercial Buildings
- Very expensive land
- High Rent ( favoured by many different land type users)
- Buildings are very tall
- Main transport links
- Easily accessible
Inner City:
- Factories/closed Factories
- Cheap small housing (workers)
- Significant Redevelopment*
- Improve the area ( Housing, Industry )
Inner Suburbs:
- Mainly Residential
- Semi-Detached
- Housing along main roads, Larger behind roads
- Garages, Gardens ( Space in between )
- Main transport = Car
- Wider roads
Outer Suburbs:
- Very edge of City
- Attractive land
- Close to urban area for Jobs/Entertainment
- Commonly Retail Parks alongside gol course, stables etc.
- Usually the cheapest
Rural Urban Fringe (RUF):
- Countryside
- More wildlife
- Farms
- MASSIVE houses.
Urban Area
An area of High Population.
Causes of Urban Area Growth
Push Pull Factor - Less opportunities in Rural parts. Migrate for better opportunities like buildings, jobs, money.
Urban Land use Zones
CBD - Commercial, Business
Inner City - Industrial
Suburbs - Residential
RUF - Agricultural
CBD, Suburb Name studied in Kingston
CBD - Grove
Suburbs - Old Malden
Quality of Life
Wealth of people; Housing, Employment, Diversity of people
Grid Reference
4 grid - (Easting)(Northing)
6 grid - (Easting)Integer,(Northing)Integer
Weather
Day to Day change of atmosphere
- Specific on:
- Wind speeds
- Precipitation
- Temperature
- Clouds, Sunshine
Climate
Average conditions, over long periods (years e.g) and over large areas (Europe e.g).
- Temperature
- Rainfall
World Climate Zones
Polar - Cold N’ Dry
Temperate - Cold Winter, Mild Summer, Rain year round
Arid - Hot N’ Dry
Tropical - Hot all year, WET N’ DRY seasons
Mediterranean - Mild Winters, Hot summers
Trop. Equatorial - Hot. Everyday RAIN
Mountains - y e s
Tundra - Cool Summer, Very Cold Winters. Low precipitation.
Hot Desert - Hot year round. Very dry. Almost no rain.
Climate Factors
Latitude - Distance to Equator. Further = less heat (Sun ray travel distance).
Altitude - 1 degrees C colder per 100m. Less heated ground = Less heated air = C O L D.
Continentality - Inland = no insulation to sea. Hot Summer, Cold WinterSea warms and cools slower than land (s p o o n). Coastal = Warm Summer, Mild Winters.
Ocean Currents - Pushes water in directions. Warm Water = Evaporate.
Wind/Air Mass - Winds can bring moist air, cold air, dry air, hot air, warm air.
Seasonality - Daylight and Moonlight. Higher Lat = more seasonal change. Opposite season for hemispheres = Summer Northern = Winter Southern.
Rainfall Types
Convectional - Heated air rises from Heated Ground. Then cools, condenses and clouds form. It rains.
Relief - Heated air forced to rise over a mountain (e.g). Cools, condenses, clouds form. Rains over raised ground. Air falls down, meaning no rain. Rain shadow.
FRONTAL RAIN:
Warm Front - Warm air rises over heavy density of cold air. Rains. Less rainy than cold front:
Cold Front - Cold air barges under warm air, usually a lot. Rains HEAVILY.
Air Pressure
Atmospheric pressure on the earth.
High Pressure
Air is pushed towards the Earth. Air cannot rise. No rain.
Basically Air falls to the surface.
Low Pressure
Weak pressure on air. Air rises. Rains.
Winter High Pressure
No clouds, Cold Weather.
Summer High Pressure
No Clouds, No protection from Sun = Warm Weather. Night is cold because no clouds reflect warmth back like a blanket. Warmth escapes.
Air Mass
Huge blocks of air which can affect the weather in a place. Can be:
- Damp
- Dry
- Warm
- Cold
- Depends on origins and what surface they have travelled over.
Specific Air Masses
Arctic Maritime - From Arctic. Cold, Wet air as well as some snow (Winter).
Polar Maritime - From Greenland. Cold, Wet air as well as Cold, Showery Weather.
Tropical Maritime - From Atlantic. Warm, Moist air as well as cloudy, rain and mild weather.
Tropical Continental - From N.Africa. Hot, Dry air during Summer.
Polar Continental - From Central Europe. Hot air. Means Dry Summers and Cold air, which brings Snow (Winter).
Depression
An area of Low Pressure. Moves from West to East in the Hemisphere.
Moving Through Warm Front
Rainfall - Drizzle followed by heavy rain.
Cloud Density - Begins to thicken. Continues getting lower.
Temperature - Rises Steadily
Pressure - Falls Steadily
Winds - Becomes blustery. Increasing wind speeds.
Moving Through Cold Front
- Heavy Rain
- Dark, Heavy Clouds (Cumulonimbus)
- Sudden Temperature Drop as Cold Front passes.
- Pressure rises rapidly
- Wind Direction sharply changes. Speeds increasing, max.Gale force.
Hurricanes
A Tropical Storm that forms 8-20N degrees from the Equator.
- Forms after steady windspeed of 74mph.
- Eye of Hurricane is a calm wind; it’s a high pressure area, giving off an eerie sense before the raging storm.
- Storm Surge = wave of water before the storm.
- The Wall of the hurricane is the most destructive.
Formation of Hurricane
Warm air over an ocean quickly condenses and form clouds as a Cumulonimbus. This formation of clouds releases heat.
- Cumulonimbus help powers tropical storm.
- Eastern Winds spiral the storm. Storm intensifies.
Globalisation
The Interconnectedness between countries and people.
E.G a buyer of trousers in UK and the manufacturer in China.
This shows the connection of trade and culture.
