Revision Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is a nutrient.
A nutrient is an important substance needed to kepp your body healthy and alive
What are the 7 nutrients.
Carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, mineral, water and dietary fibrr
What is a balanced diet?
To remain healthy you must eat a balanced diet which is food containing the right nutrients in the right amounts
What is a carbohydrate.
Needed for energy 1) simple - sugar/fruit with quick source and 2) complex carbs (starch) - bread, pasta with slow release
What are lipids and what 3 functions do they perform?
Fats, Oils - 1. Energy. 2. Insulation. 3. Protect organs
What are two functions of proteins?
Organs, Muscles, immune system. 1. Repair muscles 2: Create new cells
Why does body need vitamins and minerals.
Fresh fruit and veg in small quantities to 1. Grow 2. develop 3. Function normally
- Why is vit d/calcium needed. 2. Iron. 3. Vitamin A?
- Bones and teeth. 2. Red blood cells. 3. Eyes
Why do you need water and how does your body lose water?
Cells make up 70% water. Exhale, urine, faeces, sweat, crying. 1 litre a day
What is dietary fibre?
Not a nutrient as body cant break it down but it bulks food to keep it moving through your body through to excretion. Found in brown starchy foods.
If a patient has constipation what 3 things woukd a doctor advise.
Water, dietary fibre and fruit/veg
How do you test food for nutrients?
Chemical tests - crush food using pestle and mortar and add distilled water. Then add appropriate chemical solution
How do you test for 1. Starch. 2. Lipids. 3. Sugar. 4. Protein
- Starch - iodine from yellow to dark blue black
- Lipids - solid - rub on filter paper to see if it goes translucent or liquid - add ethanol to go cloudy
- Sugar - benedicts solution heat and turns from blue to orange red
- Protein - copper sulphate is blue and sodium hydroxide is clear. It will turn purple.
How will you test a food solution of steak?
Steak is a protein so use copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide to see if it turns purple.
What does malnourished mean?
Underweight or overweight. Not a balanced diet.
What is the unit of energy in food?
Joules or kilojoules
Three problems being under weight
- Poor immune system
- Lack of energy
- Lack of vits and minerals
State 4 diseases obese people will have?
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Cancer
What is a deficiency in vits or minerals?
Not enough of essential nutrients required for your body to stay healthy. Rickets is an example of of vit d.
What is a digestive system?
Its a group of organs that work together to break down food.
State what happens during digestion?
Stomach, the big molecules get digested, become small molecules to go into our blood.
Name the 6 structure in the digestive system
Mouth
Gullet
Stomach - digestive juices and acid. Liver and pancreas also provide digestive juices
Large intestine
Small intestine
Rectum
Anus
Describe the adaptations of the small intrstine to its function?
Villi are in the small intestine, they increase the surface of the intestineto enable a quick absorption of nutrients into tge blood.
Why is it important to eat a fibre rich diet?
Fibre add bulk to the food helping the food pass through your digestive system to get rid of the waste products
State why bacteria is important for your digestive system?
It breaks down food
They make imprtant vitamins eg vitamin k
What is role of enzymes in your digestive system?
They are special proteins which break down large molecules into small molecules
What is an example ofa biological catalyst?
Enzymes speed up digestion without being used up
Name 3 enzymes
- Carbohydrase carbohydrate / sugar (mouth, stomach , large )
- Protease protein into amino axids 22 (stomach, small)
- Lipase fatty acids and glycerol (small)
What is bile?
Substance made in liver to break up lipids
Why should you eat yoghurt?
Bacteria in your stomach to help break down food.
What is a drug.?
Chemical substance that alter the chemical reaction in your body.
Two types of drug
- Medicinal
- Recreational
Whatis a medicinal drug
Used in benefits - health reasons, cure a condition.
What are recreational drugs
Not prescribed by doctors, used for enjoyment wtc. Very harmful. They are illegal.
Illegal - cannabis, heroin, cocaine, ecstasy
Legal - alcohol, tobacco, vaping
What is addiction?
Body gets used to the changes brought by the drug. Withdrawl symptoms stop taking the drug.
What is alcohol?
It is a depressemt. Alcohol contains ethanol.
Ethanol into the blood stream, affects your nervous.
What is a deprssent?
Its a chemical which slows down your body reaction.
What is the recommended amount of alcohol?
14 units np
Name 3 condition if drinking for a long time?
Liver becomes scarred
Cirrhosis
Addiction
Death
Why should pregnant women not drink alcohol?
Bsbys bloodstream
Affect baby brain (foetal alcohol syndrome]
Lesrning difficulries
Poor immune system
Reduce fertilty
Low birth weight
Still birth premature baby
Miscarriage
What do smokers suffer from?
Cancer
Heart disease
Strokes
Breathing problem
What is passive smoking?
When you breathe in someone else smoke.
What is a stimulant?
Tobacco smoke , makes your heart beat faster and narrows blood vessels
What is in cigarette?
- Tar - black sticky substance , blocks airways
- Nicotine - stimulant impacts nervous system
- Carbon monoxide - gas impacting blood
How does smoking impact your health?
- Heart disease - blocked up arteries, heart attack or stroke
- Emphysema - alveoli in your lungs / reduced oxygen
- Respiratory - mucus / cilia stops working
