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Science Year 8S1 > Atoms And Elements > Flashcards

Atoms And Elements Flashcards

1
Q

History of atom?

A

Democritus 400 BC - matter was made up of atoms(aromos - cannot be cut). Substances had different properties as atoms came in different shapes
Dalton 1800 - atoms were spheres, they were indestructible, same elements/identical atoms, they can be combined in a chemical reaction.
Thomson 1997 - discovered electrons ( negatively charged ) and came up with plum pudding model.
Rutherford 1909 - proved the plum model was incorrect by firing positive charge gold sheet. Most particles were not deflected. The atom was mainly empty space with a positive charge in a nucleus in the middle of the atom.
Bohr 1911 - planetary model
Chadwick 1932 - discovered protons, neutrons and electrons making sense of the peroidic table.

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2
Q

What is the plum pudding model?

A

Thomson in 1897 said that the atom was negatively chargedwith electrons so the sphere was made up of positive charge with electrons embedded in the sphere.

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3
Q

What is the planetary model?

A

Bohr in 1911 defined the atom as having electrons with fixed energy levels or shells. This model is used today.

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4
Q

What is an atom?

A

Atoms are the smallest part of an element containing electrons, neutrons and protons. Protons determine where they are in the periodic table. All elements have atoms which are unique.

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of one type of atom. It cannt be broken down into another substance. Each element is represented by a symbol.

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6
Q

What is a periodic table?

A

A table that lists all the elements discovered on earth (naturally occurring)

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7
Q

What are the first 20 elements in a periodic table?

A

H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne
Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca

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8
Q

Label structure of an atom and what was the original model?

A

Planetary model
Atomic mass
Element symbol
Element name
Atomic number

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9
Q

What do all the symbols of elements represent as they appear in the periodic table?

A

Atomic mass (the bigger number ie protons , neutrons)
Element symbol
Element name
Atomic number (the smaller number)

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10
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded.

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11
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more of the same atoms chemically bonded.

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12
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance consisting of elements, compounds or both which are not joined together (floating).

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13
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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14
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Number of neutrons is different to number of protons

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15
Q

What is relative mass number calculation?

A

Isotope 1 atomic mass x abundance of isotope atomic mass 1 +
isotope 2 atomic mass x abundance of isotope 2
/ total abundance 1+ 2

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16
Q

What is a solute ?

A

The solid that dissolves in the solution.

17
Q

What is a solvent ?

A

The liquid that the solute dissolves in.

18
Q

What is a solution ?

A

A mixture of a solid ( or a gas ) with a liquid.

19
Q

What is a soluble ?

A

A substance that can dissolve.

20
Q

What is an insoluble ?

A

A substance that cannot dissolve.

21
Q

What is solubility ?

A

How much solute can dissolve in a fixed volume of water.

22
Q

What is saturated solution ?

A

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve.

23
Q

What is a periodic table?

A

It contains 92 naturally occurring atoms which are metals (left) and non-metals (far right) and organised in groups based on their properties. Elements close to the stepped line have properties to both metal/non-metal

24
Q

What properties do metals and non-metals have?

A

Metal: Electricity, Heat, Shiny, High density, Malleable(can change shape when hammered), Ductile (can be stretched to make wires), Sonorous (makes a ringing sound), high melting point, oxides are alkalines
Non- Metal: dull, brittle and non-sonorous, bad conductor of electricity/heat, oxides are acidic

25
Q

When metals and non-metals react with oxygen, what solution type is produced?

A

Metal oxide = alkali
Non-metal = acidic

26
Q

What are the vertical and horizontal names in a periodic table?

A

Vertical are groups x 8 and horizontal periods x 7

27
Q

What are the three patterns in the groups ?

A

Melting, boiling, density

28
Q

What are the properties of group 1 elements and what is the name?

A

Alkali metals is group 1 name starting with lithium
Metals
Solids at room temperature although they have a lower melting point than other metals
Boiling point decreases
Melting point decreases
Volatility (eg with water) increases (eg releasing hydrogen)
Low density
Shiny when cut
Soft

29
Q

What are the properties of group 7 and what is their name?

A

Non-metals
Halogens (flourine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine)
Lower melting point than other non-metals
Melting point increases
Boiling point increases
Volatility (eg with iron) decreases
Colour gets darker
From gas, gas, liquid, solid at room temperature
The solids are brittle (non-metal!)
Poor conductors of heat / electricity
Low density (non-metal)

30
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A chemical reaction where one more reactive element is replaced by another less reactive elementeg chlorine solution (light green] and potassium bromide solution (clear) becomes potassium chloride and bromine (orange)

31
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons and electrons in an atom of that element

32
Q

What are group 2 elements called and what are their properties?

A

Alkaline earth metals forming alkaline solutions when mixed with water. They start with Berylium
Soft, silver metals
Less metallic than group 1

33
Q

What are group 0 elements called and what are their properties?

A

Noble gases name of Group 0
Gas at room temperature
Melting and boiling point increase
Unreactive (slight reactivity increase as you go down group)
Poor conductors of heat/electricity
Low density

34
Q

What is a bond?

A

An attraction between atoms or molecules that enables the fromation of chemical compounds

35
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

Chemical symbols representing an element eg Na for sodium

36
Q

Draw 3 particle diagrams (1. Mixture of elements, 2. Mixture of compounds, 3. Mixture of elements and compounds)

A
37
Q

What does a compound formula tell you eg CO2?

A

What elements are in the compound ie carbon, oxygen
How many atoms of each element are there which are bonded together ie one carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms

38
Q

What are the properties of compounds? Note versus mixtures which will be the opposite

A
  1. They have different elements chemically bonded together
  2. Substance has a different property to the elements it is made from
  3. They can only be separated by chemcial reactions
  4. Elements cannot change eg water will always only have 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom
39
Q

State one use of argon, helium and neon

A

Argon - double glazing, helium - balloons, neon - bright lights

Science Year 8S1 (9 decks)

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