revision carbohydrates

Question 1

what are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

• providing energy
• acting as a ‘protein sparer’

Question 2

types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

• sugars (simple)
• starches + dietary fibre (complex)

Question 3

what are single sugars called?

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

what are double sugars called?

Answer 4

disaccharides

Question 5

Natural sugars from fruit and vegetables are…

Answer 5

fruit sugars

Question 6

sugars that are added or outside the cell structure are…

Answer 6

free sugars

Question 7

High levels of free sugars can lead to…

Answer 7

• tooth decay
• obesity

Question 8

Artificialsweetenersadd sweetness without increasing…

Answer 8

The energy content

Question 9

the most important starches are…

Answer 9

• Pectin
• starch
• Glycogen

Question 10

Good sources of starch include:

Answer 10

– Root vegetables e.g. potato, carrot, parsnip, onion
– Cereals and cereal products e.g. wheat, flour, bread, pasta, oats

Question 11

50% of total food energy should come from carbohydrates therefore…

Answer 11

50% of total food energy comes from fat (35%) and protein (15%)

Question 12

Deficiency leads to:

Answer 12

• Unusual
• Lack of energy – drop in level of glucose in blood
• Weight loss – body will start to use fat stores if continued
• Severe weakness – if fat stores depleted, then protein stores used

Question 13

Excess can lead to…

Answer 13

• If not used = converted into fat and stored in body.
• Could lead to obesity- Obesity could lead to other health issues:
  – Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
  – Cardiovascular disease

Question 14

Functions:

Answer 14

• Healthydigestivesystem
• Weightcontrol
• Prevents bowel disease: – Constipation
  – Diverticulitis
  – Bowel cancer
• Providing soluble fibre (can lower blood cholesterol)

Question 15

Reference Intake for Fibre:

Answer 15

• Adult = 30g-
• Children less due to size