Revision Flashcards
Xray photons are generated in the tube head
Contains two electrodes
Negatively charged cathode
Positively charged anode
Electrons are produced at cathode (a coiled wire filament)
Tungsten is used as filament as has a high atomic number (74) and high melting point (3380oc)
The filament sits in a nickel or molybdenum focusing Cup at a negative potential so repels the elections causing to form a narrow beam.
Multiplying the ma by duration reflects the total quantity of xray photons emitted in millampre secs.
The potential difference between filament and target needs to be very high and many times voltage of mains supply of 240 volts.
It’s measured in 1000s of volts or kv. And created from mains in a second electrical circuit using step up or high tension transformer - also part of the electrical circuitry of x Ray machine.
A common preservative in fixer is
Sodium sulphite
A dog inspires once every respiratory cycle and breathes 100mls in and out. What is the mv?
2L
A film that is too dark may be the result of
Over exposure Gross over development Temp of developer too high Fogging Ffd too short
An example of a natural absorbable suture material is
Catgut
Anticholinergics often used in premed
To decrease salivary and bronchial secretions
Apposing sutures are those that are placed
With the wound edges in direct contact with one another
A suture property that is not ideal
High capillarity
A rad requires exposure of 20mAs when ffd at 90 cm with a grid. What exposure factor will be required if a grid with a factor of 2 is used?
40mAs
A simple continuous suture pattern should not be used in
Hollow organs
Assuming all other factors stay same, rads obtained with setting of 0.05sec and 200mAs are identical to
0.1 sec and 100mA
So if ma is halved then double seconds
When anaesthetised first reflex to go is
Anal
A trolley should be draped
Back to front
Flow rate of oxygen and nitrous oxide for 30kg on magill lack with mv of 200ml/kg
30 x 200 x1
Divide by three then x by 2 to get nitrous
Computer aided tomography is carried out using
X rays
Tissue sample containers
Wide necked
Diastolic BP should not drop below
150mm/hg
Drains are indicated in
Abolishing dead space in wounds
Drainage of contaminated wounds
Removal of air from body cavities
Hydrophyllic drugs are more easily absorbed
Iv or im
Lipophyllic drugs are more easily absorbed
Po or sc
If increase film to object distance the image is
Magnified
In relation to sutures, memory describes
Tendency of material to straighten out after lopps developed
Polycthemia
Increase erythrocytes
Polydioxanone provides wound support for
60 days
Respiratory acidosis occurs
When blood pH falls
Suspensions cannot be administered
Iv
Prn
As required
The absorbable material most suitable for contaminated sites
Polyflycolic acid
Condition most requiring correction of hypoperfusion pre op
Renal
Expiratory valve on circuit should normally be
Fully open
The filament in x Ray machine is heated by
A step down transformer
Fluid fraction obtained after clotted blood is centrifuge is
Serum
The more highly protein unbound a drug is
The less free drug there is available to distribute into body tissue
Most suitable type of needle for suturing skin
Straight, reverse cutting
The plate that contains round holes at each end is
Venables
Prescription abbreviations ac
After food
The screw which is fully threaded and has rounded tip
Cortical
Intravenous urography
Highlights ureters
Too high kv
Low contrast
Underdeveloped film
Too pale
Waters canister
Contains soda lime part of to and fro circuit
Best position for doe spay
Dorsal rec with chest and head slightly raised
What type drain requires suction pump
Close passive
When use cylindrical drum for storage of cheatle forceps, WHICH parts are sterile?
The inner base
When using asif technique which drill bit size would use for 2.7mm screw
2.0
What category does most livestock medicinal products belong to
Pom-vps
Pethidine
Must be kept in a locked receptacle under misuse of drugs act 1971
MA
Effects the amount of xrays produced
A rongeur
Has cupped Jaws and nibbles bone
Hohman
Is a handheld retractor
Polyglycolic acid
Is absorbable
When handling monochromatic film
A brown safelight filter is used
Polyglycolic acid
Can not be autoclaved
Formula relating to inverse square law
Double the distance from film = intensity of primary beam reduced by a quarter
Active ingredient in film developer
Phenidone-hydroquinone
Metal-hydroquinone
Both alkaline
What colour does metal show on xray
White
Self retaining retractors
Gelpi,
Gossett
West
A vertical pressure cooker works at
15 psi at 121 oc
Hot sir oven can sterilise
Drill bits
Test tubes
Liquids
Hot air ovens
Are economical
Don’t corrode instruments
Good for glassware
Have long sterilising times
Suxmethonium
Depolarising muscle relaxant
To and fro
May cause hyperthermia
Thiopentone sodium
Intraval
Methohexitone are all
Barbiturates
Pedicle graft
Transfer section of skin to adjacent area
