Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two biological explanations of schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine + glutamate hypothesis.

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2
Q

What are the two treatments of schizophrenia?

A

Typical vs atypical antipsychotics.

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3
Q

What leads to anxiety disorders?

A

Increased amygdala activation - altered HPA function + fear conditioning response.
HPA axis - production of cortisol.
Regulated by amygdala and hippoccampus.

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4
Q

Where is fear conditioning located?

A

Amygdala.

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5
Q

Where is extinction located?

A

VPC.

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6
Q

What are the two treatments of anxiety disorders?

A

GABA or serotonin.

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7
Q

What is broad sense?

A

Biological capacity and intention for language.

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8
Q

What is narrow sense?

A

Deep + surface structure of language.

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9
Q

What is the main model of language?

A

Wernicke-Geschwind model.

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10
Q

What are the two main theories of motivation and eating?

A

Drive reduction - behaviour motivated by biological need to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis).
Incentive theory - behaviour motivated by rewards.

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11
Q

Name some major theories of emotion.

A

Darwin.
James-Lange.
Cannon-Bard.
Schachter.

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12
Q

What are the main areas involved in emotion processing?

A
Paper circuit. 
Hypothalamus. 
PFC. 
Amygdala. 
Subcortical circuit.
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13
Q

What are the main mechanisms regulating sleep?

A

Circadian rhythms, light/dark cycle, reticular formation blocks ascending + descending pathways, cortisol + melatonin.

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14
Q

What are the 3 main hormones involved in sex differences?

A

Testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone.

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15
Q

What are the main hormones involved in sexual behaviour?

A

Vasopressin, oxytocin, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone.

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16
Q

Where is STM located?

A

Parietal cortex + PFC.

17
Q

Where is LTM located?

A

Inferior temporal cortex, hippo, thalamus + basal ganglia.

18
Q

How are memories stored?

A

In cell assemblies.

19
Q

What are the two different types of learning and what can they be broken up into?

A

Non-associative learning - habituation + sensitisation.

Associative learning - classical + operant conditioning.

20
Q

What are the two main processes involved in declarative learning?

A

Long-term potentiation + long-term depression.

21
Q

What does protein synthesis lead to?

A

Occurs in LTM and leads to synaptic growth.

22
Q

What kind of recovery is possible after having a stroke?

A

Motor - mostly all of it.
Cognitive - difficult improvement after 6 months.
Language deficits after stroke.

23
Q

What is the main type of development plasticity?

A

Synaptic pruning.

24
Q

What is compensation?

A

Plasticity in ageing requires recruitment of additional brain areas if others stop functioning.

25
Q

What topic can strokes link to?

A

Language.

26
Q

What topic can anxiety + schizophrenia link to?

A

Emotions.

27
Q

What topic can motivation + eating link to?

A

Sexual behaviour.

28
Q

What topic can Alzheimer’s disease link to?

A
Memory. 
Learning. 
Sleep. 
Hippocampal lesions. 
Neurodegenerative diseases - Alzheimer's. 
Brain plasticity.