Revision Flashcards
What are the two biological explanations of schizophrenia?
Dopamine + glutamate hypothesis.
What are the two treatments of schizophrenia?
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics.
What leads to anxiety disorders?
Increased amygdala activation - altered HPA function + fear conditioning response.
HPA axis - production of cortisol.
Regulated by amygdala and hippoccampus.
Where is fear conditioning located?
Amygdala.
Where is extinction located?
VPC.
What are the two treatments of anxiety disorders?
GABA or serotonin.
What is broad sense?
Biological capacity and intention for language.
What is narrow sense?
Deep + surface structure of language.
What is the main model of language?
Wernicke-Geschwind model.
What are the two main theories of motivation and eating?
Drive reduction - behaviour motivated by biological need to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis).
Incentive theory - behaviour motivated by rewards.
Name some major theories of emotion.
Darwin.
James-Lange.
Cannon-Bard.
Schachter.
What are the main areas involved in emotion processing?
Paper circuit. Hypothalamus. PFC. Amygdala. Subcortical circuit.
What are the main mechanisms regulating sleep?
Circadian rhythms, light/dark cycle, reticular formation blocks ascending + descending pathways, cortisol + melatonin.
What are the 3 main hormones involved in sex differences?
Testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone.
What are the main hormones involved in sexual behaviour?
Vasopressin, oxytocin, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone.
Where is STM located?
Parietal cortex + PFC.
Where is LTM located?
Inferior temporal cortex, hippo, thalamus + basal ganglia.
How are memories stored?
In cell assemblies.
What are the two different types of learning and what can they be broken up into?
Non-associative learning - habituation + sensitisation.
Associative learning - classical + operant conditioning.
What are the two main processes involved in declarative learning?
Long-term potentiation + long-term depression.
What does protein synthesis lead to?
Occurs in LTM and leads to synaptic growth.
What kind of recovery is possible after having a stroke?
Motor - mostly all of it.
Cognitive - difficult improvement after 6 months.
Language deficits after stroke.
What is the main type of development plasticity?
Synaptic pruning.
What is compensation?
Plasticity in ageing requires recruitment of additional brain areas if others stop functioning.
