Revision

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Controls what comes in and out of the cell (Plant & Animal cell)

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

Creates protein (Plant & Animal cell)

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Produces energy from respiration where the energy is then released (Plant & Animal cell)

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Where reactions take place (Plant & Animal cell)

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Stores DNA and controls cell (Plant & Animal cell)

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

Strengthens cell structure (Plant Cell)

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Absorbs light and energy to create food (Plant cell)

Question 8

Permanent Vacuole

Answer 8

Contains cell sap (Plant cell)

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

Have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic materials enclosed in a nucleus

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

Much smaller and have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. (Enclosed in nucleus and it is a single DNA loop) There may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids

Question 11

Tissue

Answer 11

Groups of specialised cells of the same type working together to do a particular job with a similar structure and function (Different tissues are grouped into organs)

Question 12

Organ

Answer 12

Part of organism made from tissue

Question 13

Body system

Answer 13

Collection of organs, tissue and specialised cells that allow the organism to carry out one of the seven life processes

Question 14

Stem Cell

Answer 14

A Stem cell is a cell that has not yet become a specialised cell
Advantage: They can help regrow and repair certain organs. (Parkinson’s and alzheimer’s)

Question 15

Adult Stem Cell

Answer 15

They are in our body and there are different types in the bone marrow (Blood, Bone and Skin) There is a limit to what they can become.

Question 16

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 16

They come from inner cell mass of the blastocyst
Advantage: Can differentiate into any kind of cell
Disadvantage: Ethical issues of using embryos

Question 17

Magnification

Answer 17

How much bigger the image is compared to the original object viewed with a naked eye

Question 18

Resolution

Answer 18

The smallest change in the quantity being measured (Input) of a measuring instrument that gives perceptible change in the reading

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

• The cell grows
• Mitochondria and ribosomes increases
• The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosomes
• The DNA is checked for errors and any repairs made

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

•The chromosomes move apart and the nucleus divides

Question 21

Cell division

Answer 21

• Cytoplasm divides into two

* The new cell membrane separates off to five two new identical cells (daughter cells)

Question 22

Multi-Cellular Organisms

Answer 22

Organisms made from lots of cells

Question 23

Differentiation

Answer 23

When cell changes to become specialised for a particular job (Occurs when cells divide)

Question 24

Xylem cells

Answer 24

Transport water and minerals from the roots around the plant

Question 25

Phloem Cells

Answer 25

Involved in translocation which means transport of dissolved sugars made in the leaves around the plant

Question 26

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 26

Process of creating stem cells with the same genes as the patient (Cost is high and painful for women however it can help create vital organs)

Question 27

Umbilical cord stem cells

Answer 27

* Can be frozen and stored for possible use in the future with no rejection and ethical issues * Cost is a lot for the process

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

Net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water molecules from and area of high concentration across a partially permeable membrane (Movement of water particles)

Question 30

Partially Permeable Membrane

Answer 30

Allows small molecules to pass and not large ones