Revision Flashcards
Fullerenes
They were discovered in 1985
Radioactive metals and drugs can be caged in fullerenes. They are a useful way to deliver drugs to treat cancer
Heart
A muscle that pumps blood around the body which oxygenated leaves the heart and deoxygenated enters
Lungs
Takes in oxygen and transfers it into the blood through osmosis
DNA structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Chromosome
a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. All people have 23 so when egg is fertilised makes 46
Gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Genome
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
Alleles
each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Dominant allele
an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different.
Recessive allele
an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.
Homozygous
Homozygous is a word that refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters
Heterozygous
heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a specific trait. An allele is a version of a gene or specific DNA sequence on a chromosome.
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotypes
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Genetic screening
the study of a person’s DNA in order to identify genetic differences or susceptibility to particular diseases or abnormalities.
Glucose
Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.
Glucagon
Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body.
Insulin
Insulin reduces the amount of glucagon in the body when it becomes too high after eating food
Non-communicable diseases
A disease that cannot be transferred to person to person is is caused by someones environment and lifestyle
Rose black spot
A fungal disease which spreads in the environment by wind and water it damages leaves so they drop off. It affects growth and photosynthesis
Luteinising hormone
In the pituitary gland, stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary inhibits production of FSH
Progesterone
Maintains the lining of the uterus during second part of menstrual cycle and during pregnancy inhibits both FSH and LH
Lipids
Lipids are storage compounds, triglycerides serve as reserve energy of the body. Lipids are important component of cell membranes structure in eukaryotic cells. Lipids regulate membrane permeability. They serve as source for fat soluble vitamins
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain stability in spite of changes. The human body is full of examples of homeostasis.
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine. Long-term issues include difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus as a result of frequent lung infections.
