Revision

Question 1

Fullerenes

Answer 1

They were discovered in 1985

Radioactive metals and drugs can be caged in fullerenes. They are a useful way to deliver drugs to treat cancer

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

A muscle that pumps blood around the body which oxygenated leaves the heart and deoxygenated enters

Question 3

Lungs

Answer 3

Takes in oxygen and transfers it into the blood through osmosis

Question 4

DNA structure

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. All people have 23 so when egg is fertilised makes 46

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 9

Dominant allele

Answer 9

an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different.

Question 10

Recessive allele

Answer 10

an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Homozygous is a word that refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a specific trait. An allele is a version of a gene or specific DNA sequence on a chromosome.

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 14

Genotypes

Answer 14

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 15

Genetic screening

Answer 15

the study of a person’s DNA in order to identify genetic differences or susceptibility to particular diseases or abnormalities.

Question 16

Glucose

Answer 16

Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body.

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Insulin reduces the amount of glucagon in the body when it becomes too high after eating food

Question 19

Non-communicable diseases

Answer 19

A disease that cannot be transferred to person to person is is caused by someones environment and lifestyle

Question 20

Rose black spot

Answer 20

A fungal disease which spreads in the environment by wind and water it damages leaves so they drop off. It affects growth and photosynthesis

Question 21

Luteinising hormone

Answer 21

In the pituitary gland, stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary inhibits production of FSH

Question 22

Progesterone

Answer 22

Maintains the lining of the uterus during second part of menstrual cycle and during pregnancy inhibits both FSH and LH

Question 23

Lipids

Answer 23

Lipids are storage compounds, triglycerides serve as reserve energy of the body. Lipids are important component of cell membranes structure in eukaryotic cells. Lipids regulate membrane permeability. They serve as source for fat soluble vitamins

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain stability in spite of changes. The human body is full of examples of homeostasis.

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Question 26

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 26

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine. Long-term issues include difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus as a result of frequent lung infections.