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Physics > Revision 2 > Flashcards

Revision 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Transverse waves vibrate at 90° to the direction of energy transfer
E.g all electromagnetic waves

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2
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the direction of every transfer.
E.g sound sound waves
The vibrations are known as compressions and rarefactions

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3
Q

Mechanical waves

A

Mechanical waves which need a medium to travel through may be transverse or longitudinal
E.g waves on a slinky Spring

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

The amplitude of a wave is the height of the wave crest from the position of rest.

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5
Q

Frequency

A

The frequency of a wave is the number of wave crests passing a point in one second
Unit : hertz

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6
Q

Wavelength

A

The wavelength of a wave is the distance from one wave crest to another.

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7
Q

The wave equation

A

Speed(m/s)= frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

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8
Q

Transparent

A

Objects that are transparent transmits all light.

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9
Q

Translucent

A

Transmits some light

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10
Q

Opaque

A

Objects which don’t transmit light are said to be opaque.

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11
Q

Why are shadows opaque?

A

Light rays travel in straight lines. This is why the shadows of opaque objects are very well defined.

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12
Q

How is the normal line drawn?

A

The normal line is a line drawn perpendicular to the mirror.

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13
Q

What are waves used for?

A

Waves are used to transfer energy and information.

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14
Q

Light Ray reflected by a plane mirror

A

The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection

The angle of incidence = the angle between the incident Ray and the normal

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15
Q

Real image

A

A real image can be projected onto a screen.

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16
Q

Virtual image

A

A virtual image only exists in the mirror.

17
Q

In a plane (flat) mirror, the image is _____, virtual and the same size as the object.

A

Upright

18
Q

Reflection from a ____ surface in a single direction is called _______ reflection

A
  1. Smooth

2. Specular

19
Q

Reflection from a ______surface causes______ .This is called _____reflection.

A
  1. rough
  2. Scattering
  3. diffuse
20
Q

White light contains ___ the colours of the visible spectrum

A

All

21
Q

The colour of an object depends on the colour that it____ and the colour that it____.

A
  1. reflects

2. absorbs

22
Q

The three primary colours

A

Red,green and blue

23
Q

Combining two of the primary colours creates a________colour.

A

Secondary

24
Q

A coloured filter allows some colours to pass through it and absorbs the rest. We see the colour that the filter______.

A

Transmits

25
Q

Refraction is the_____________ of waves when they travel across a boundary.
This change in direction is due to a_______.

A
  1. Change in direction

2. Change in speed

26
Q

When light passes__________ the angle of refraction(in the glass) is___ than the angle of incidence

A
  1. form air into glass

2. less

27
Q

Diffraction is the________of waves when they pass through a gap or round an obstacle.

A

Spreading out

28
Q

The________the gap, the greater the diffraction

A

Narrower

29
Q

The gap must be a_____ _____ to the wavelength of the wave in order for diffraction to take place. This why light cannot diffract round an open doorway but sound can.

A

Similar size

30
Q

If radio waves ___ ______ _____ when they go over hills, radio and TV reception will be poor.

A

Do not diffract enough

31
Q

The frequency range of the normal human ear is from about____ to_____.

A
  1. 20Hz

2. 20 000Hz

32
Q

Sound waves are vibrations that travel through a_____(substance).
They cannot travel through a_______.

A
  1. Medium

2. Vacuum

33
Q

Echoes are due to sound waves______from a hard,smooth surface

A

Reflected

34
Q

Refraction takes place at the boundaries between layers of air at_______ _________.
The warmer the air the_______ the speed of sound.

A
  1. different
  2. temperatures
  3. greater
35
Q

At night you can hear sound a long way away from its source because sound waves______ _______to the ground.

A

Refract back

36
Q

The______of a note increases if the frequency of the sound waves increases.

A

Pitch

37
Q

The loudness of a note increases if the_________of the sound waves increases

A

Amplitude

38
Q

A microphone converts______ _____ to an_______ _______. This can be displayed on an oscilloscope.

A
  1. sound waves

2. electrical signal

Physics (13 decks)

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