revision 2 Flashcards
what are sites of metasases for breast & prostate cancer and then colorectal cancer
breast & prostate metasases in the bone
colorectal is in the liver
what drives the flow across membranes in drug absorption
osmotic/hydrostatic pressure
what are the groups of adverse reactions
group A -F
A being most abudant with 80%
GROUP A CALLED AUGMENTATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECT
what percentage of drug inhalation administration is absorbed
5-10%
state two common drugs/antibodies that INHIBIT drug metabolism
erthyromycin and clarythromycin
what 2 things can lead to drug toxicity
high conc
decreased activity in enzymes that metabolise drugs
what are drugs secreted by ? (NOT EXCRETED)
excreted in kidney but SECRETED in bile or urine
what is polypharmacy
taking drugs one after another continously
in non-medelian inheritance list 2 factors that contribute to disease
genetic modifiers and environmental factors
what exactly is achondroplasia
genetic conditon that affects a protien in the body called fibroblast growth factor receptor
describe the lengths of the pre and post ganglionic fibres in parasympathetic
pre is longer than post
what detects change in blood pressure ?
baroreceptors
what part of the body controls autonomic, somatic and endocrine acitivity ?
hypothalamus
what can an alpha 2 agonists be used for clinically?
treatment of hypertension
what can beta 2 agonist used for clinically ?
treatment of asthma
what can beta 1 ANTAGONIST be used for clinically?
treatment of hypertension
how does anticholinesterase work?
blocks ACEYTLCHOLINESTERASE therefore stops the break down of ACH so it stays in the synaptic cleft for longer
what are 2 ways to speed up an action potential
large axons - allows Na channels to be wider spread along the membrane
myelination - increases membrane resistance and decreases membrance capaticance
what cells are responsible for providing myelin sheath around axon
obligandrocytes and schwann cells
where are paravertebral ganglia located
in the trunk
prevertebral is anywhere else
what is malignant hyperthermia in terms of electron transport chain
uncoupling of ATP synthase and electron transport chain which releases heat as energy
what protein structures are lost during denaturation ?
secondary & tertiary
what is post co-translational modifciation of a tertiary structure
when the protein becomes a Quaternary structure
what is another name for a quantanery protein
conjugated proteins ( also include glycoproteins, lipoproteins and mettaloproteins)
