revision 2

Question 1

what are sites of metasases for breast & prostate cancer and then colorectal cancer

Answer 1

breast & prostate metasases in the bone

colorectal is in the liver

Question 2

what drives the flow across membranes in drug absorption

Answer 2

osmotic/hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

what are the groups of adverse reactions

Answer 2

group A -F

A being most abudant with 80%

GROUP A CALLED AUGMENTATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECT

Question 3

what percentage of drug inhalation administration is absorbed

Answer 3

5-10%

Question 4

state two common drugs/antibodies that INHIBIT drug metabolism

Answer 4

erthyromycin and clarythromycin

Question 5

what 2 things can lead to drug toxicity

Answer 5

high conc

decreased activity in enzymes that metabolise drugs

Question 6

what are drugs secreted by ? (NOT EXCRETED)

Answer 6

excreted in kidney but SECRETED in bile or urine

Question 7

what is polypharmacy

Answer 7

taking drugs one after another continously

Question 8

in non-medelian inheritance list 2 factors that contribute to disease

Answer 8

genetic modifiers and environmental factors

Question 9

what exactly is achondroplasia

Answer 9

genetic conditon that affects a protien in the body called fibroblast growth factor receptor

Question 10

describe the lengths of the pre and post ganglionic fibres in parasympathetic

Answer 10

pre is longer than post

Question 10

what detects change in blood pressure ?

Answer 10

baroreceptors

Question 11

what part of the body controls autonomic, somatic and endocrine acitivity ?

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

what can an alpha 2 agonists be used for clinically?

Answer 12

treatment of hypertension

Question 13

what can beta 2 agonist used for clinically ?

Answer 13

treatment of asthma

Question 14

what can beta 1 ANTAGONIST be used for clinically?

Answer 14

treatment of hypertension

Question 15

how does anticholinesterase work?

Answer 15

blocks ACEYTLCHOLINESTERASE therefore stops the break down of ACH so it stays in the synaptic cleft for longer

Question 16

what are 2 ways to speed up an action potential

Answer 16

large axons - allows Na channels to be wider spread along the membrane

myelination - increases membrane resistance and decreases membrance capaticance

Question 17

what cells are responsible for providing myelin sheath around axon

Answer 17

obligandrocytes and schwann cells

Question 18

where are paravertebral ganglia located

Answer 18

in the trunk

prevertebral is anywhere else

Question 19

what is malignant hyperthermia in terms of electron transport chain

Answer 19

uncoupling of ATP synthase and electron transport chain which releases heat as energy

Question 20

what protein structures are lost during denaturation ?

Answer 20

secondary & tertiary

Question 21

what is post co-translational modifciation of a tertiary structure

Answer 21

when the protein becomes a Quaternary structure

Question 22

what is another name for a quantanery protein

Answer 22

conjugated proteins ( also include glycoproteins, lipoproteins and mettaloproteins)

Question 23

what do lipoproteins transport

Answer 23

transport hydrophobic lipids

Question 24

what is glycosylation ?

Answer 24

protein undergoes post-translational modification

Question 25

what is a group of lipoproteins called

Answer 25

apolipoproteins

Question 26

what is an isoenzyme

Answer 26

enzymes that catalyse the same reaction but have different structures