Revision

Question 1

What are the complications of endodontic instrumentation?

Answer 1

• blockage
• apical damage (zipping, transportation, enlargement)
• ledges
• perforation
• fractured instrument

Question 2

What is blockage?

Answer 2

• dentine and organic debris being packed into canal at apex
• when packed tightly, is as hard as peripheral dentine
• attempts to remove can cause perforation

Question 3

What are ledges?

Answer 3

• internal transportation of canal
• occurs when preparing short of working length
• occurs when curved canal instrumented as if it were straight
• time consuming and difficult to bypass