revision Flashcards

1
Q

what is a complicated strep pyogenes infection referring to

A

rheumatic fever

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2
Q

most common murmur to develop after rheumatic fever

A

mitral stenosis

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3
Q

presentation of aortic stenosis

A

angina, dyspnea and syncope
slow rising and slow falling pulse
undisplaced heaving apex
ejection systolic murmur that radiates to carotids

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4
Q

which valve problems cause systolic murmurs

A

MRS ASS
Mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis

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5
Q

aetiology of aortic stenosis < 60

A

calcification of congenital bicuspid valve

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6
Q

aortic stenosis in over 60s cause

A

degenerative calcifation of valve due to age

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7
Q

descrescendo diastolic murmur

A

pulmonary regurg

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8
Q

beck’s triad

A

hypotension
muffled heart sounds
raised JVP
= cardiac tamponade

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9
Q

treatment of cardiac tamponade

A

draining the pericardial fluid by pericardiocentesis

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10
Q

most common cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B virus
- diagnosed by PCR and throat swabs

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the sensory innervation of the pleura and pericardium

A

phrenic

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12
Q

most common primary cardiac tumour

A

atrial myxoma

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13
Q

what is congenital long QT syndrome

A

genetic channelopathy disorder
- due to mutation in KCNQ1 gene
- autosomal dominant

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14
Q

management of long QT syndrome

A

BB

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15
Q

what is brugada syndrome

A

genetic channelopathy
- due to a mutation in a gene encoding a sodium channel
causes arrhythmia- AF

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16
Q

ECG changes in brugada syndrome

A

ST elevation and RBBB

17
Q

cause of infective endocarditis in IVDU

A

staph aureus
- tricuspid valve most commonly

18
Q

cause of infective endocarditis in prosthetic valves

A

staph epidermidis

19
Q

mobitz type 1

A

progressive prolongation of the PR interval until eventually QRS is dropped

20
Q

mobitz type 2

A

consistent PR interval duration with intermittently dropped QRS complexes

21
Q

when is atropine used

A

in bradycardia

22
Q

example of CCB

A

amlodipine

23
Q

s/e of CCB

A

swollen ankles

24
Q

MOA of statins

A

inhibits HMG Co A reductase

25
when to stop statins
macrolide ABx (erythromycin, clarithromycin) pregnancy
26
management of VTE
DOA - rivaroxaban
27
presentation of right sided HF
peripheral oedema distended JVP hepatosplenomegaly ascites
28
left sided heart failure
exertional dyspnoea PND orthopneoa fatigue cyanosis pulmonary congestion
29
management of HF
ACEi and BB spiranolactone furosemide