microbiology Flashcards
colonisation
the presence of a microbe in the human body without an inflammatory response
community bacteraemia sources
e.coli (urine, abdomen)
s.pneumoniae (resp)
s.aureus (mssa- skin)
hospital bacteraemia sources
e.coli (catheter related or abdo)
s.aureus (MRSA-line or wound)
CNS
enterococci (urine, wound, line)
klebsiella (urine, wound)
pseudomonas spp.
upper respiratory tract alpha haemolytic streptococci
strep penumoniae
upper respiratory tract beta-haemolytic strep
strep pyogenes
examples of gram neg upper respiratory tract colonisers
h.influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis
most common cause of community acquired pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
common cause of skin infections
s.aureus
cause of impetigo, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
strep pyogenes
common causes of sore throat in primary care
common cold
influenza
streptococcal infection
infectious mononucleosis
complications of sore throat
otitis media
peritonsillar abscess
parapharyngeal abscess
lemierre syndrome
most common causes of otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonaie and strep pyogenes
treatment of otitis media
wait as most resolve in 4 days
amoxicillin
second line: erythromycin
causes of acute sinusitis
h.influenzae
strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes
treatment of acute sinusitis
antibiotics for severe/deteriorating cases of >10 days duration.
1ST LINE phenoxymethylpenicillin
2ND LINE doxycycline – NOT IN CHILDREN!!!
causes of bacterial conjunctivitis
staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
h.influenzae
management of bacterial conjunctivitis
most cases are self limiting only treat if severe
1st line: bathe/clean eyelids regularly to remove crusting
2nd line: Chloramphenicol 0.5% eyedrops
3rd line: Send swab prior to treatment. Fusidic acid 1% eye drops applied bd
when to avoid chloramphenicol for severe conjunctivitis
aplastic anaemia or allergy
causes of viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster
presentation of candida infection
intensely itchy white vaginal discharge
treatment of candida infection
topical clotrimazole pessary or cream
oral fluconazole
normal vaginal flora
lactobacillus spp
average life span of pubic lice
22 days male
17 days female
treatment of pubic lice
malathion lotion
treatment of bacterial meningitis
Ceftriaxone IV 2g bd + Dexamethasone IV 10mg qds (started with or just before first dose of antibiotics for 4 days) Duration: refer to guidance
Aciclovir IV (10mg/kg tds) if encephalitis suspected (oral treatment never appropriate) Add Amoxicillin IV 2g 4 hourly if ≥ 60 years or immunocompromised
pneumococcus meningitis
10 days ceftriaxone
listeria spp meningitis
21 days amoxicillin + stop dexamethasone
management of orbital cellulitis
Ceftriaxone IV 2g bd + Flucloxacillin IV 2g qds + Metronidazole IV 500mg tds
management of impetigo
Localised lesions: topical hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or fusidic acid 2% cream tds (5 days)
If more widespread lesions: 1
st LINE Flucloxacillin 500mg qds 2nd LINE Clarithromycin 500mg bd (5 days)
