Revision 1 Flashcards
(256 cards)
Eukaryotic Cells
1 mark
Complex Cells
Examples of a Eukaryotic Cell
2 marks
- Animal
2. Plant
Prokaryotic Cells
1 mark
(Small) Simple Cells
Example of a Prokaryotic Cell
1 mark
- Bacterium
Mitochondria
1 mark
Subcellular structure where most of the reactions for cellular respiration take place
- Powerhouse of the cell; provides energy.
Vacuole
1 mark
Subcellular structure that maintains the internal pressure in a plant cell.
Similarities between a Bacterial Cell and a Plant Cell
4 marks
Both have;
- a Cell Membrane
- a Cell Wall
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
Differences between a Bacterial Cell and a Plant Cell
5 marks
Plant Cells have Chloroplasts + Mitochondria, Bacteria don’t.
Chromosomes of Plant Cells are contained within a Nucleus - Bacteria have a Chromosomal DNA that floats freely in Cytoplasm.
Bacterial Cells may contain small loops of extra DNA called plasmids.
Cell Membrane
2 marks
- Holds cell together
- Controls what enters + leaves.
Nucleus
2 marks
Contains genetic material that controls Cell activities.
Ribosomes
2 marks
Involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.
Structural differences between a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell
(3 marks)
Plant cell has;
- a Cell Wall
- Large Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
Where are ciliates epithelial cells found?
2 marks
On the surface of organs.
2 functions of an egg cell
4 marks
- Carry the female DNA
- Provide nutrients to the embryo in the early stages.
Why do Sperm Cells contain a large number of Mitochondria?
3 marks
To provide the energy (from respiration) needed to swim to the egg.
Why is it important that the Egg + Sperm Cells are Haploid?
4 marks
So when an Egg Cell + a Sperm Cell nucleus combine (at Fertilisation) the resulting Cell will have the right number of Chromosomes.
Cells with only half the number of Chromosomes of a normal body Cell
(1 mark)
Haploid Cells
Cells with the full number of Chromosomes of a normal body Cell
(1 mark)
Diploid Cells
Describe how ciliated Epithelial Cells are adapted for moving substances.
(3 marks)
They have Cilia, which beat to move substances in one direction along the surface.
Why does the structure of an Egg’s Cell Membrane change after Fertilisation?
(2 marks)
To stop more Sperm entering - making sure that the offspring end up with the right amount of DNA.
Parts of the Sperm Cell - Explained
6 marks
Tail - allows the Sperm to swim towards an Egg Cell.
Acromosome - stores the Enzymes the Sperm needs to digest it’s way through the membrane of an Egg Cell.
What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob on a light microscope?
(2 marks)
To focus the lens until a clear image of what’s on the slide appears.
True or false? Electron microscopes have a smaller magnification, but a higher resolution than light microscopes.
(3 marks)
False. Electron microscopes have both a higher resolution + a higher magnification than light microscopes.
What is resolution?
1 mark
The ability to distinguish between 2 points.