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1- Micro Block 3 > Revised Antibiotics > Flashcards

Revised Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Novobiocin and Coumermycin

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Dna Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to the Beta Subunit of DNA Gyrase
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2
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Sulfonamides

A
  • Class:
    • Metabolic Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Competitive inhibior of Dihydropteroate synthesis thus inhibiting folic acid synthesis
    • is analog to p-aminobenzoic acid
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3
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Binds irreversibly to the traspeptidase and to the carboxypeptidase which removes the last D-ala during transpeptidation
    • inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking
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4
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Metronidazole

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Dna Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Causes DNA degredation by forming radicals
    • ONLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST ANAEROBIC BACTERIA AND SOME MICROAEROPHILLIC BACTERIA
      • they have an enzyme that reduce it to its active form
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5
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Rifampin

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of RNA Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to the RNA polymerase Beta subunit
    • Block initiation and thus inhibit transcription
    • Primarily in treatment of tuberculosis
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6
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Fosfomycin

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • PEP analog which binds to and blocks Transferase which forms UDP NAMuramyl (from PEP and UDPNAc) for cell wall synthesis
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7
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Clofazimine

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Dna Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Binds to DNA and interferes with replication
    • May also cause formation of radicals that dmage DNA
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8
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Lincosamide

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to 50S subunit
    • Block peptide bond formation
    • May also cause dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from the ribosome
    • Gram neg anaerobes and gram pos cocci
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9
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Ethambutol

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Inhibits arabinosyl transferase and thust arabinogalactan synthesis
    • Thus prevents linkage of mycolic acids to petidogylcan layer
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10
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Isoniazid

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid by inactivating fatty acid synthetase
    • One of drugs of choice for TB and used against mycobacteria and nocardia almost exclusively
    • Administered as a produg: act by bact metabolism
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11
Q

List the memorizable Beta Lactamase Suicide Inhibitors:

A
  • Clavulanic acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam
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12
Q

List the 6 memorizable Aminoglycosides:

A
  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
  • Kanamycin
  • Tobramycin
  • Gentamicin
  • Amikacin
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13
Q

List the 5 memorizable Tetracyclines:

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycyline
  • Glycylcycline
    • TIgecycline
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14
Q

List the memorizable Quinolones:

A
  • Nalidixic Acid
  • Fluoroquinolones
    • Ciprofloxacin
    • Norfloxacin
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15
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Polymiyxin B and E

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Membrane Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to and intercalate within cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Gram negative bacteria
    • Changes membrane structure and integrity causing leakage and disruption of normal membrane function
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16
Q

List the memorizable Beta Lactam Antibiotics:

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
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17
Q

List the memorizable Macrolides:

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Ketolide
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18
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Irreversibly bind to the 30S subunit
    • block initiation of protein synthesis
    • Cause misreading of mRNA
    • Damage cell membrane upon entry into bacterium
    • Last resort because damaging to self
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19
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Oxazolidinone

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to 50S subunit
    • Prevent initiation of protein synthesis
    • Interfere with interaction between mRNA and the 2 ribosomal subunits for initiation of translation
    • Most useful agains gram pos cocci
20
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Fluroquinolones-

Ciproflaxin/Norfloxacin

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Dna Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to Alpha Subunit of DNA gyrase
    • Greater potency and broader spectrum than Nalidixic
      • covering enterococci pseudomonas and some intracellular bacteria
21
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Bacitracin

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    *
22
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Para-aminosalicylic acid

A
  • Class:
    • Metabolic Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Competitive inhibior of Dihydropteroate synthesis thus inhibiting folic acid synthesis
    • is analog to p-aminobenzoic acid
23
Q

List the memorizable Lipoglycopeptides:

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Oritavancin
  • Telavancin
  • Dalbavancin
24
Q

List the memorizable Lincosamides:

A
  • Lincomycin
  • Clindamycin
25
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Diarylquinolines

A
  • Class:
    • Metabolic Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Targets the ATPase proton pump of Mycobacterium sp
26
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Dapsone

A
  • Class:
    • Metabolic Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Competitive inhibior of Dihydropteroate synthesis thus inhibiting folic acid synthesis
    • is analog to p-aminobenzoic acid
27
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Tyrocidine and Gramicidin S

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Intercalate in and disrupt the membrane resulting in leakage from cytoplasm and lysis
28
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Antimicrobial Peptides

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Membrane Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Disrupt membrane integrity
    • Some target cytoplasmic components
29
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Pyrazinamide

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Inhibits fatty acid synthetase 1 needed for mycolic acids
    • Nicotinamide analog administered as prodrug, activated by an enzyme from TB to form active pyrazinoic acid
30
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Streptogramins

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to 50S Subunit
    • inhibits peptidyl transfer
    • may cause dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosome
    • most useful agains gram positive
31
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Daptomycin

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that binds to and forms channels in membrane depolarizing it
    • IV use and low toxicity
32
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Macrolides

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Binds to free ribosome or 50S subunit
    • blocks translocation and progression of protein synthesis only after short peptide has been formed
    • May also cause dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from the ribosome
    • Most useful against Gram Positive
33
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Tazobactam

A
  • Class:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
34
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Sulbactam

A
  • Class:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
35
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Cycloserine

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Competitive inhibior of cytoplasmic synthesis of peptidoglycan precurosors (coversion of Lala to Dala and Dala to DalaDala)
36
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Nalidixic Acid

A
  • Class:
    • Inhibitor of Dna Function
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind to Alpha Subunit of DNA Gyrase
    • Occasionally used clinically for gram negative UTI’s
37
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Fusidic acid

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Forms a complex with an elongation factor EF-G involved in translocation and with guanosine triphosphate GTP which provides energy for translocation
    • EF-G-GDP-Fusidic acid- Ribosome complex blocks further chain elongation
38
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Trimethoprim

A
  • Class:
    • Metabolic Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase reducing the tetrahydrofolate pool and inhibiting synthesis of Folic acid
39
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Lipoglycopeptides

A
  • Class:
    • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Interacts with DalanylDalanine termini of pentapeptide side chains to prevent cross linking
    • Prevents transglycosylation and insertion of subunits into growing peptidogylcan side chain
40
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Tetracyclines

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Bind Irreversibly to 30S subunit
    • Inhibit binding of incoming aminoacyltRNA
    • accumualted in higher concentrations in bacteria because of an active transport system
    • Doxy mino absorbed better because more lipophillic
41
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Nitrofurans

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Blocks translation intitiation of certain inducble enzymes
    • Also metabolized to form nitro radical that damages proteins and DNA
42
Q

List the memorizable Streptogramins:

A
  • Pristinamycin
  • Quinupristin
43
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Clavulanic Acid

A
  • Class:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Suicide Inhibitor of Beta Lactamases
44
Q

List the memorizable Oxazolidinones:

A
  • Linezolid
  • Tedizolid
45
Q

What is the Class and Mechanism of Action of:

Chloramphenicol

A
  • Class:
    • Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Binds to 50S subunit
    • Blocks petidyl transfer on chain elongatic ribosomes
    • Only used in serious infections because it affects bone marrow cells causing severe blood abnormalities

1- Micro Block 3 (2 decks)

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