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1- Micro Block 3 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 types of Quinolones

A
  • Nalidixic acid
  • Fluoroquinolones
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2
Q

What are two types of Fluorquinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Norfloxacin
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3
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Quinolones

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. Inhibits DNA gyrase subunit A
  2. Bactericidal
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4
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Novobiocin

and

Coumermycin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. Inhibits DNA gyrase subunit B
  2. Bactericidal
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5
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Metronidazole

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. forms a radical that damages DNA
  2. Bactericidal
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6
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Clofazimine

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of DNA Function

Specific:

  1. cause formation of radicals that damage DNA macromolecules
  2. Bactericidal
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7
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Rifampin​

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Inhibitor of RNA Function

Specific:

  1. Blocks RNA polymerase
  2. Bactericidal
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8
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Aminoglycosides (6)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosome subunit.
  2. Damages cell membrane upon entry to cell
  3. Most are bactericidal
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9
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Tetracyclines (5)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds irreversibly to the 30S ribosome subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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10
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Chloramphenicol

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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11
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Macrolides

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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12
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Lincosamides

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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13
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Streptogramins

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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14
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Oxazolidinones

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit
  2. Bacteriostatic
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15
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Fusidic Acid

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Blocks initiation of translation by binding to elongation factor G
  2. Bacteriostatic
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16
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Nitrofuran

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. forms radical that attacks ribosomes and other macromolecules
  2. Bacteriostatic
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17
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Polymyxin B and E

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Intercalates in outer membranes and disrupts membrane integrity
  2. Bactericidal
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18
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Tryocidine

and

Gramicidin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Intercalates in cytoplasmic membranes and disrupts membrane integrity.
  2. Bactericidal
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19
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Daptomycin

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Inserts in cytoplasmic membrane and depolarizes membrane.
  2. Bactericidal
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20
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Antimicrobial Peptides (host defense peptides; cathelicidins)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Membrane Inhibitor

Specific:

  1. Most disrupt membrane integrity
  2. Some types target cytoplasmic components
  3. Bactericidal
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21
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

β-lactams

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Bind irreversibly to the transpeptidases to inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking
  2. Bactericidal
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22
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Clavulanic acid

and

Sulbactam

and

Tazobactam

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. . Used with β-lactam antibiotics as suicide inhibitors of β- lactamases
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23
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Lipoglycopeptides (4)

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Prevents transglycosylation and insertion of subunits into growing peptidoglycan chain
  2. Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus to prevent peptidoglycan crosslinking
  3. Bactericidal
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24
Q

What is the Mode of Action For:

Cycloserine

(General and Specific)

A

General:

  • Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors

Specific:

  1. Competitive inhibitor of cytoplasmic steps in synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors
  2. Bactericidal
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25
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Bacitracin** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors **_Specific:_** 1. Binds to lipid carrier used to transport peptidoglycan (and many other) precursors across membrane. 2. Bactericidal
26
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Fosfomycin** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan) Inhibitors **_Specific:_** 1. Binds to transferase which forms UDP-muramyl peptide for cell wall synthesis 2. Bactericidal
27
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Isoniazid** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis **_Specific:_** 1. Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis for the acid fast cell envelope 2. Bacteriostatic to slow growing cultures but bactericidal in rapidly growing cultures
28
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Ethambutol** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis **_Specific:_** 1. Inhibits arabinosyl transferase for the arabinogalactan synthesis for acid fast cell envelope 2. Bacteriostatic
29
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Pyrazinamide** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Other inhibitor of Cell Envelope Synthesis **_Specific:_** 1. Inhibits Fatty Acid Synthetase I needed for mycolic acids 2. Bacteriostatic to slow growing cultures but bactericidal in rapidly growing cultures
30
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Sulfonamides** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Metabolic Inhibitor **_Specific:_** 1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis 2. Bacteriostatic
31
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Dapsone** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Metabolic Inhibitor **_Specific:_** 1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis 2. Bacteriostatic
32
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Para-aminosalicylic acid** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Metabolic Inhibitor **_Specific:_** 1. Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, inhibits folic acid synthesis 2. Bacteriostatic
33
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Trimethoprim** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Metabolic Inhibitor **_Specific:_** 1. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing tetrahydrofolate pool 2. Bacteriostatic
34
_What is the Mode of Action For:_ **Diarylquinolines** (General and Specific)
**_General:_** * Metabolic Inhibitor **_Specific:_** 1. Targets the ATPase proton pump of *Mycobacterium sp.* 2. Bactericidal
35
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Quinolones**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in gyrase 2. Multidrug resistance pump
36
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Novobiocin** and **Coumermycin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in gyrase
37
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Metronidazole**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of drug
38
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Clofazimine​**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None listed
39
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Rifampin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in the β subunit of polymerase
40
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Aminoglycosides (6)**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of drug 2. Mutation of the ribosome 3. Mutation preventing transport into the cell
41
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Tetracyclines (5)**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Active drug efflux 2. Target site protection 3. Drug inactivation
42
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Chloramphenicol**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of drug 2. Mutation preventing transport into the cell
43
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Macrolides**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
44
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Lincosamides**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
45
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Streptogramins**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
46
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Oxazolidinones**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Enzymatic modification of ribosomal RNA prevents binding to target
47
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Fusidic acid**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation of the target, elongation factor G
48
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ Nitrofuran
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
49
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Polymyxin B and E**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
50
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Tryocidine** and **Gramicidin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
51
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Daptomycin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. yes but mechanism unknown
52
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Antimicrobial Peptides** (host defense peptides; **cathelicidins**)
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
53
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **β-lactams**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Drug inactivation by β- lactamases 2. Mutation in transpeptidase 3. Mutation altering transport into the cell
54
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Clavulanic acid** and **Sulbactam** and **Tazobactam**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in β-lactamases to prevent binding of drug
55
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Lipoglycopeptides**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors that are resistant to binding by the drug
56
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Cycloserine**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation altering transport into cell 2. Mutation in peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes to prevent binding of drug
57
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Bacitracin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
58
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Fosfomycin**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation altering transport into cell 2. Mutation in transferase
59
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Isoniazid**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Complex mechanism that involves catalase which is required to activate drug
60
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Ethambutol**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in transferase prevents binding of drug
61
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Pyrazinamide**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Mutation in enzyme **that activates** the drug
62
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Sulfonamides**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
63
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Dapsone**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
64
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Para-aminosalicylic acid**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
65
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Trimethoprim**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. Plasmid encoded enzyme that does not bind drug
66
_What is the Mechanism of Resistance to:_ **Diarylquinolines**
**_Mechanism of Resistance:_** 1. None known
67
What are 6 types of Aminoglycosides
**Neo** the **Amik**able **Gent**leman **Kan** get girls to **Strep Tobra**s **GTSNAK** * Streptomycin * Neomycin * Kanamycin * Tobramycin * Gentamicin * Amikacin
68
What are 5 types of Tetracyclines
**Tetra**ds of **tige**rs watch **Mino**s **Glycl**ing on the **Dox** **TD MTG** * Tetracycline * Doxycycline * Minocycline * Glycylcycline * Tigecycline
69
What are 3 types of Macrolides
I get **Azitthro**ugh **Ery Keto** diet​ **M: AKE** * Erythromycin * Azithromycin * Ketolide
70
What are 2 types of Lincosamides
_*Lin***C**_omycin -\> _**C***Lin*_damycin * Lincomycin * Clindamycin
71
What are 2 types of Streptogramins
* Pristinamycin * Quinupristin
72
What are 2 types of Oxazolidinones
* Linezolid * Tedizolid
73
What are 2 types of β-lactams
* Penicillins * Cephalosporins
74
What are 4 types of Lipglycopeptides
Don't **Dalba**l **Vanc**quish some **Orita** fries with some **Tela**vision **DO VT** * Vancomycin * Oritavancin * Telavancin * Dalbavancin

1- Micro Block 3 (2 decks)

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