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NTS111 > Reviewer For 100 Questions > Flashcards

Reviewer For 100 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Who is considered the “Father of Modern Taxonomy”?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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2
Q

What does “binomial nomenclature” refer to?

A

A two-part naming system for organisms

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3
Q

In the scientific name Homo sapiens, which word represents the genus?

A

Homo

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4
Q

Eubacteria are also known as:

A

True bacteria

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5
Q

Which domain contains organisms with a true nucleus?

A

Eukarya

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6
Q

Which kingdom is NOT included within the Eukarya domain?
a) Protista b) Fungi c) Plantae d) Archaea

A

Archea

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7
Q

What type of cell is characteristic of Kingdom Monera?

A

Prokaryotic

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8
Q

Cyanobacteria are known for their ability to:

A

Photosynthesize

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9
Q

Which bacterial shape is described as rod-shaped?

A

Bacilli/Bacillus

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10
Q

A chain of spherical bacteria is called:

A

Streptococcus

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11
Q

Organisms that are often described as “animal-like”?

A

Protozoa

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12
Q

Paramecium are characterized by the presence of:

A

Cilia

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13
Q

Pasteurization is a process primarily used to:

A

Sterilized equipment

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Fungi?
a) Heterotrophic nutrition b) Cell walls made of chitin c) Photosynthesis d) Spore production

A

Photosynthesis

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15
Q

Which kingdom includes multicellular organisms that perform photosynthesis?

A

Plantae

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16
Q

The scientific name for the common house cat is Felis catus. What is the species name?

A

catus

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17
Q

What is the primary difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria at the cellular level?

A

Cell wall composition

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18
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

A region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located

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19
Q

What process do bacteria use for asexual reproduction?

A

Binary fission

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20
Q

All bacteria are harmful. (True/False)

A

False

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21
Q

Archaea can only survive in extreme environments. (True/False)

A

True

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22
Q

Eukarya are always multicellular. (True/False)

A

False

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23
Q

All protists are unicellular. (True/False)

A

False

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24
Q

Fungi are autotrophs. (True/False)

A

False instead they are heterotrophs

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25
Q

Plants are heterotrophs. (True/False)

A

False

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26
Q

Animals are eukaryotes. (True/False)

A

True

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27
Q

Binomial nomenclature uses three names to identify organisms. (True/False)

A

True

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28
Q

The genus name is always written first in a scientific name. (True/False)

A

True

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29
Q

All bacteria have the same shape. (True/False)

A

False

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30
Q

Define taxonomy.

A

the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.

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31
Q

Explain the difference between a genus and a species.

A

A genus is a group of animals that are very similar and most likely have a common ancestor. In contrast, a species is just one type of animal. For example, zebras are in the genus called Equus.

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32
Q

List three domains of life

A

The three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

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33
Q

Give an example of an archaebacterium and its habitat.

A

Examples of Archaea

These extremophiles are found in anaerobic habitats or places without oxygen. They can be found in your intestines as well as the guts of cows. They can also be found in swamps. They consume gases, like hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and release methane as a byproduct.

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34
Q

Name three beneficial uses of eubacteria.

A
  • for medical purposes
  • food
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35
Q

Describe the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

A

Eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

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36
Q

What is a pseudopod?

A

A temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that emerges in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consists of actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate filaments.

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37
Q

A protective outer layer that helps the bacteria evade the host’s immune system and adhere to surfaces.

A

Capsule

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38
Q

A rigid layer that provides structural support and shape to the cell.

A

Cell wall

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39
Q

that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

A

Plasma membrane (cytoplasmic membrane)

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40
Q

The jelly-like substance filling the cell, containing the cell’s components.

A

Cytoplasm

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41
Q

A fluid inside the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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42
Q

The region where the bacterial DNA is located. Unlike eukaryotic cells, it’s not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.

A

Nucleoid (DNA)

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43
Q

Small, circular DNA molecules separate from the main bacterial chromosome. They often carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other advantageous traits.

A

Plasmid

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44
Q

Structures responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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45
Q

Infoldings of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area for metabolic processes.

A

Mesosome

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46
Q

A long, whip-like appendage used for movement.

A

Flagellum/flagella

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47
Q

Hair-like appendages involved in attachment to surfaces or other bacteria (for conjugation, a type of genetic exchange).

A

Pilus/Pili

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48
Q

The control center of the cell, containing the cell’s DNA (genetic material). Think of it as the cell’s brain.

A

Nucleus (DNA)

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49
Q

A structure inside the nucleus that helps make ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

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50
Q

The material that makes up chromosomes, which are made of DNA and proteins.

A

Chromatin

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51
Q

A network of membranes studded with ribosomes. It’s involved in protein synthesis and transport.

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

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52
Q

A network of membranes without ribosomes. It’s involved in lipid (fat) synthesis and other metabolic processes.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

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53
Q

Tiny structures that make proteins. They’re found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER

A

Ribosomes

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54
Q

Processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or out of the cell. Think of it as the cell’s post office.

A

Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

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55
Q

The powerhouses of the cell, generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

A

Mitochondria

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56
Q

Contains enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. Think of it as the cell’s recycling center.

A

Lysosome

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57
Q

Involved in cell division.

A

Centrioles

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58
Q

Hair-like structures on the cell surface that help with movement or sensing.

A

Cilia

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59
Q

Tiny finger-like projections on the cell surface that increase surface area for absorption.

A

Microvilli

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60
Q

Located just inside the cell wall, this is a thin, flexible layer that controls what enters and exits the cell. It’s like a gatekeeper.

A

Cell membrane

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61
Q

The membrane surrounding the nucleus.

A

Nuclear envelope

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62
Q

The fluid inside the nucleus.

A

Nucleoplasm

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63
Q

A network of membranes involved in making and transporting proteins and other molecules.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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64
Q

A large, fluid-filled sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It helps maintain the plant cell’s shape and turgor pressure (firmness).

A

Vacuole

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65
Q

Contains chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is how plants make their food.

A

Chloroplast

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66
Q

Tiny channels that connect adjacent plant cells, allowing for communication and transport of substances between them.

A

Plasmodesmata

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67
Q

Small sacs that transport materials within the cell.

A

Vesicle

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68
Q

Organelles are involved in various metabolic processes, including breaking down fatty acids.

A

Peroxisome

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69
Q

A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and helps with cell movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

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70
Q

What are the three living things?

A

Animals, plants and microorganisms

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71
Q

He is known as a philosopher and the father of biology, he discovered botany that led to plants. Who is he?

A

Aristotle

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72
Q

He is known as the father of modern biology, his theory “The evolution of humans”. Who is he?

A

Charles Darwin

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73
Q

He is known as the father of modern biology, his theory “The evolution of humans”. Who is he?

A

Charles Darwin

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74
Q

The two individuals who coined the term “Biology” made a significant impact on our understanding of life.

A

Gottfried Reinhold treviranus and Jean Baptiste Lamarck

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75
Q

What are the four scientific methods for the investigator process?

A
  1. Observation (thought experimentation)
  2. Hypothesis (educated guess)
  3. Experimentation
  4. Analysis or conclusion
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76
Q

What material is used in the scientific method?

A

Tool

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77
Q

What are the 15 organizations of life

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
  6. Tissue
  7. organ
  8. Organ system
  9. Organism
  10. Individual
  11. Population
  12. Community
  13. Ecosystem
  14. Biome
  15. Biosphere
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78
Q

This is the basic unit of matter and the smallest particle on the earth 🌎.

A

Atom

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79
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms bounded together

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80
Q

A large molecule, such as protein carbohydrates, nucleic acid, fats, and lipids.

A

Macromolecule

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81
Q

Also known as a small organ, specialized structure within a cell.

A

Organelle

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82
Q

The basic unit of life

A

Cell

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83
Q

A group of similar cells working together. The purpose of tissue is to repair our body, and that is the reason for having hair.

A

Tissue

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84
Q

A group of tissues working together or performing a specific function.

A

Organ

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85
Q

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ system

86
Q

A living individual

A

Organism

87
Q

Is any organism such as animals and humans

A

Individual

88
Q

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

A

Population

89
Q

A group of populations living in the same area which is a different species.

A

Community

90
Q

A community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment.

A

Ecosystem

91
Q

Major ecological communities such as a forest or desert are major ecological communities.

A

Biome

92
Q

It is also known as the bubble of life, this is the part of earth where life exists.

A

Biosphere

93
Q

What are the eight fundamental characteristics of life, it’s called the acronym called “Mrs. Gren.” Distinguish

A

-> Movement
-> Reproduction
-> Sensitivity
-> Growth
-> Respiration
-> Excretion
-> Nutrition

94
Q

This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of moving to another place.

A

Movement

95
Q

This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of reproducing.

A

Reproduction

96
Q

This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of reacting to the environment.

A

Sensitivity

97
Q

This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, its increasing sizes, living organisms grow and develop overtime.

A

Growth

98
Q

What are the two types of movement that can move the individual or organism

A

Non-motile and motile

99
Q

What are the three types of growth?

A

Intuscusception, organogenesis, and accretion

100
Q

This is the type of growth, growth of cells

A

Intuscusception

101
Q

This is the type of growth, growth of organs

A

Organogenesis

102
Q

This is the type of growth, growth of non-living things

A

Accretion

103
Q

It refers to the breathing of living things such as inhaled and exhaled

A

Respiration

104
Q

The disposal of a waste of living things

A

Excretion

105
Q

The nutrients of living things that benefit in body benefits

A

Nutrition

106
Q

This is the sum of the energy

A

Metabolism

107
Q

Is a break foods or due to process consuming to provide energy.

A

Catabolism

108
Q

Is to absorb the food to produce energy.

A

Anabolism

109
Q

The energy inside the body is called, what?

A

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

110
Q

The body of any organism reacting or responds to things, makes it sensitive

A

Tropism

111
Q

Movement or growth towards a stimulus

A

Positive tropism

112
Q

Movement or growth away from a stimulus

A

Negative tropism

113
Q

The growth response to light

A

Phototropism

114
Q

The growth response to gravity

A

Geotropism

115
Q

The growth response to water

A

Hydrotropism

116
Q

Growth response to touch

A

Thigmotropism

117
Q

Growth response to chemicals

A

Chemotropism

118
Q

If the growth is physical changes such as size or weight, what is the development?

A

The process before growth

119
Q

Male and female to produce new organisms called offspring in reproduction.

A

Sexual reproduction

120
Q

One parent that produces another organism like bacteria.

A

Asexual reproduction

121
Q

What are the types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Binary fission
  2. Budding
  3. Fragmentation
  4. Vegetative propagation
  5. Sporogenesis
122
Q

This is the general term for the fusion of two gametes, regardless of their size or form. It’s the core process of sexual reproduction.

A

Syngamy/ fertilization

123
Q

This is a type of syngamy where the fusing gametes are identical in size and appearance. Both gametes are motile and contribute equally to the zygote (fertilized egg). This is common in some algae and fungi.

A

Isogamy

124
Q

In this type of syngamy, the two gametes are different in size and form. The larger, non-motile gamete is called the egg cell or ovum, while the smaller, motile gamete is called the sperm. This is the most common type of sexual reproduction in animals and plants.

A

Oogamy

125
Q

This term is broader than oogamy and refers to any syngamy where the fusing gametes are different. This includes oogamy, but also other types where the gametes may differ in size or morphology but are both motile.

A

Heterogamy

126
Q

The identity of organisms or called as blueprint.

A

Coded with genes

127
Q

What is the double strand, this is called as a blueprint for life, containing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions. (Complete transcript)

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

128
Q

What is the single strand, transcript

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

129
Q

are like instruction manuals for your body. They tell your cells how to build and run everything, from your hair color to your height. You get half of your genes from your mom and half from your dad.

A

Genes

130
Q

Are special genes that determine if you’re a boy or a girl. There are two types: X and Y. Girls have two X chromosomes (XX), while boys have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

A

Sex chromosomes

131
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23 pairs

132
Q

How many pairs of autosomes does a human have

A

22 pairs

133
Q

How many total offspring have

A

46 chromosomes

134
Q

This is like the middle part of the necklace where the string is thicker and stronger. It holds the two halves of the necklace (your chromosomes) together. When cells divide, the centromere helps make sure each new cell gets a complete set of genes.

A

Centromere

135
Q

These are like the caps on the ends of the necklace that protect the string from fraying. They keep your genes safe and prevent them from getting damaged. As you get older, your telomeres get shorter, which is like the caps wearing down.

A

Telomere

136
Q

It refers to any change in anything over time.

A

Evolution

137
Q

The process of adjusting something to better match its environment or a situation

A

Adaptation

138
Q

Who discovered the archaebacteria?

A

Carl woose

139
Q

What archaebacteria is used for breathing?

A

Methane gas

140
Q

Archaebacteria also called as?

A

Extremophiles

141
Q

This is one of the different types of bacteria, it look likes a grape 🍇 formation

A

Staphylococcus

142
Q

This is one of the different types of bacteria, it looks like a kidney structure

A

Vibrio

143
Q

This is one of the different types of bacteria, it looks like a spiral structure or springs

A

Spirillum

144
Q

This kingdom is also called aquatic organisms because they live specifically in moist places or in aquatic.

A

Kingdom protesta

145
Q

What is saprophytic in kingdom Protista

A

Means they absorb organic (like bulok na dahon, lupa, o puno)

146
Q

This different classification of kingdom protesta, known as flagellated (mabilis ang pagpitik)

A

Euglera

147
Q

He has developed pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

148
Q

This is the number of bacteria, one circle in a microscope (walang kadikit)

A

Monococcus

149
Q

This is the number of bacteria, two circles in a microscope (dalawang magkadikit)

A

Diplococcus

150
Q

This is the number of bacteria, more circles in a microscope, like a chain

A

Streptococcus

151
Q

This is the number of bacteria, four circles in a microscope (apat na magkakadikit)

A

Tetracoccus

152
Q

This is the number of bacteria, more than four circles in a microscope (mataas pa sa bilang ng apat ang magkakadikit)

A

Sarcina

153
Q

tackles about naming and classifying of organisms

A

Taxonomy

154
Q

What is the difference between classifying and naming

A
  • Classifying - ( after giving names they are classified based on their body structure or kung anong
    klaseng organisms ba sila)
  • Naming - (giving the name of organisms based on a level of taxonomy)
155
Q

What is the scientific name?

A

Genus and species are combined

156
Q

What are the five classifying based on taxonomy?

A
  1. Kingdom monera
  2. Kingdom protesta
  3. Kingdom fungi
  4. Kingdom plantae
  5. Kingdom animalia
157
Q

In kingdom monera, what is the reproduction? To produce

A

Budding and binary fission

158
Q

What kingdom is called as decomposers

A

Kingdom monera

159
Q

What is the decomposers?

A

Means to eat the dead organisms

160
Q

What are the examples of kingdom monera?

A

Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria

161
Q

What type of bacteria shape an oval?

A

Cocci/coccus

162
Q

What is the kingdom also known as aquatic organisms?

A

Kingdom protesta

163
Q

What is the difference between saprophytic and decomposers?

A
  • Saprophytic eats organic matter
  • decomposers eat dead organisms
164
Q

What is the difference between saprophytic and decomposers?

A
  • Saprophytic eats organic matter
  • decomposers eat dead organisms
165
Q

What are the similarities between kingdom monera and kingdom protesta

A

Prokaryotic cells

166
Q

What are the four classification of kingdom protesta?

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Paramecium
  3. Euglera
  4. Plasmodium
167
Q

Are Kingdom fungi are eukaryotic cells?

A

Yes

168
Q

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic

A

-> heterotrophic, they can’t produce their own food
-> Autotrophic, they can create their own food usually in plants

169
Q

What is the difference between nonvascular and vascular

A

Vascular - complete body parts
Nonvascular - incomplete body parts

170
Q

What are the specialized types of proteins that attach to cell walls in bacteria?

A

Chitin

171
Q

What are the two modes of reproduction of kingdom fungi

A

Asexual (spores) and sexual (pheromones)

172
Q

What is the difference between asexual (spores) and sexual (pheromones)? In kingdom fungi

A

Asexual (spores) - nagre-release ng seed tapos pinapasa kaya nahhuhulog

Sexual (pheromones) - my moist kaya kumakalat

173
Q

What is parasitic?

A

Kailangan niyo ng matitirahan (host), kailangan niyo ng organisms para makapag-survive

174
Q

What is symbiotic?

A

Kailangan niya ng mutual relationship to order to survive

175
Q

What are the different classification of symbiotic

A
  1. Mutualism
  2. Commensalism
  3. Parasitic
  4. Competition
  5. Predation
  6. Herbivore
  7. Amensalism
176
Q

Both species benefit from the relationship. (Kaya walang harmful sa isa’t Isa)

A

Mutualism

177
Q

One species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped. One sided relationship

A

Commensalism

178
Q

One species benefits, while the other is harmed. Pinapakinabangan nya yung Isang organisms in return naha-harm yung organism na pinakinabangan nya.

A

Parasitic

179
Q

(compete or being dominated) two organisms compete for the same limited resources in an ecosystem. Nag-aagawan sila sa resources kung sino manalo sa kanya lahat kung sino naman matalo maghanap sya ng iba pang resources.

A

Competition

180
Q

it includes a prey (maliit) and predator (malaki), a predator hunts and eats another organism, while prey is the organism that is hunted and eaten.

A

Predation

181
Q

sila yung kumakain ng damo, ito yung mga organisms na nagcoconsume ng damo.

A

Herbivore

182
Q

a type of ecological interaction where one species is harmed or destroyed by another species, while the other species is unaffected. Ito yung relationship na nagkakaroon ng effect pero unaware siya na nagdudulot ng harm ( hindi niya alam na may naharm sya)

A

Amensalism

183
Q

Kingdom Plantae also known as?

A

Autotrophic

184
Q

They can create their own food they have specialized organelle known as the _______.

A

Chloroplast

185
Q

(Two modes of reproduction in kingdom plantae) Asexual and sexual. Two modes of reproduction called?

A

Pollination

186
Q

What is pollination?

A

means pollen is transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part, allowing the plant to reproduce and produce seeds.

187
Q

What are the Different classifications of plant body

A

Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers

188
Q

What is a vascular system?

A

is a transport system of a plant, dyaan dumadaan ang lahat ng resources na kailangan ng isang plant.

189
Q

What are The 2 transport systems in plants

A

Xylem and the phloem

190
Q

What is the difference between the xylem and phloem including their movement?

A

Xylem - (transport a liquid) - upward
Phloem - (transport food) - downward

191
Q

What are the (5) categorization of kingdom plantae

A
  1. Thallophyte
  2. Bryophyte
  3. Pteridophyte
  4. Gymnosperm
  5. Angiosperm
192
Q
  • Is a vascular
  • They produce spores or seeds like structure, na yung mga buto nilalaglag nila.
A

Pteridophyte

193
Q

lahat ng klase ng algae including seaweeds (mapa brown, red, yellow) basta algae sya.

A

Thallophyte

194
Q

What type two classification in plants of bryophyte is a vascular or non vascular

A

Non-vascular

195
Q

What are the two classification of plants

A

Non-vascular and vascular

196
Q

They are also known as seed bearing because they produce seeds

A

Gymnosperm

197
Q

Fruit-bearing

A

Angiosperm

198
Q

Known as largest kingdom of all kingdoms

A

Kingdom animalia

199
Q

What are the nine different classification of kingdom animalia?

A
  1. Porifera
  2. Cnidaria
  3. Platyhelminthes
  4. Nematode
  5. Annelid
  6. Arthropods
  7. mollusk
  8. Echinodermata
  9. Chordates
200
Q

They has motochords or spinal chord or they has backbone

A

Chordates

201
Q

Spiky skin means made up of spike (mga tinik tinik)

A

Echinodermata

202
Q

They has shell but they seafood

A

Mollusk

203
Q

It has an exoskeleton which means no bone but their body is tough (matigas). Ex. Species of spiders

A

Arthropods

204
Q

Segmented body (mga guhit na nakapalibot sa katawan)

A

Annelid

205
Q
  • Roundworms
  • Galing sila sa mga itlog na nalilipat lang into organism na nabubuo kaya nagiging roundworms, flatworms or parasites
A

Nematode

206
Q

Also known as “Flatworms”

A

Platyhelminthes

207
Q

They produce cnidocytes or sting

A

Cnidaria

208
Q

What is the hollow bellied in Cnidaria

A

because yung stomach nila is like a donut because you can see their internal structure

209
Q

commonly referred to as sponges

A

Porifera

210
Q

Can you recite the taxonomic rank

A
  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species

NTS111 (9 decks)

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