Reviewer #8

Question 1

Endocrine disorder characterized by increased
androgen production and ovulatory dysfunction

Answer 1

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Question 2

How many % of women are usually affected?

Answer 2

5 to 15%

Question 3

Why is PCOS considered as endocrine disorder?

Answer 3

Endocrine system regulates hormone production and function, is intricately involved in the development and manifestation of PCOS

Question 4

A woman manifests many physical features of a man

Answer 4

Hyperandrogenism

Question 5

Multiple cysts in the ovaries

Answer 5

Polycystic ovaries

Question 6

When GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary hormone it increases the production of?

Answer 6

Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone

Question 7

What happens when FSH and LH increases in production?

Answer 7

Increase production of Estrogen, Progesterone, and Androgen

Question 8

What happens when there is increase Androgen in women?

Answer 8

Increases Insulin production which aid in over production of androgen

Question 9

Maintains the normal levels of production of hormones that is produced by the liver

Answer 9

Sex hormone binding globulin

Question 10

Prolactin in men

Answer 10

Controls testosterone

Question 11

Prolactin in women

Answer 11

Lactation

Question 12

Growth of excessive male-pattern hair in women

Answer 12

Hirsutism

Question 13

Male pattern balding

Answer 13

Alopecia

Question 14

% of patients that have elevated serum androgen levels

Answer 14

50-90%

Question 15

Normal androgen level

Answer 15

6.0 - 86 ng/dl

Question 16

Infrequent ovulation

Answer 16

Intermittent ovulation

Question 17

Not ovulating

Answer 17

Anovulation

Question 18

Velvety plaques on nape of neck and intertriginous areas

Answer 18

Acanthosis Nigricans

Question 19

Serum prolactin value

Answer 19

Less than 25 ng/mL

Question 20

Thyroid function test value

Answer 20

TSH 0.5-5.0 mIU/L

Question 21

FSH value

Answer 21

4.7 to 21.5 mIU/mL

Question 22

Luteinizing hormone elevated value

Answer 22

5 to 25 IU/L

Question 23

Serum estrone elevated value

Answer 23

30 to 400 pg/mL

Question 24

Normal insulin level (Fasting)

Answer 24

Less than 25 mIU/L

Question 25

Normal insulin level (30 mins after glucose administration)

Answer 25

30-230 mIU/L

Question 26

Normal insulin level (1 hour after glucose administration)

Answer 26

18-276 mIU/L

Question 26

Normal insulin level (2 hours after glucose administration)

Answer 26

16-166 mIU/L

Question 27

Normal insulin level (3 hours and above after glucose administration)

Answer 27

Less than 25 mIU/L

Question 28

Oral Contraceptives use

Answer 28

* Suppress ovarian androgen * Increase SHBG * Regular menstrual cyclicity

Question 29

Oral contraceptive example

Answer 29

Diane-35

Question 30

Anti-androgens example

Answer 30

* Spironolactone 25 mg/day * Flutamide 125 mg/day * Finasteride 5 mg/day

Question 31

is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer 31

Clomid / Clomiphene

Question 32

When added to clomid, improves ovulatory rates

Answer 32

Metformin

Question 33

In 10 couples how many has infertility problems?

Answer 33

1 out of 10

Question 34

One of the most common male reproductive system disease

Answer 34

Male infertility which is the lack of ability to produce a high sperm count or having an abnormal sperm function or blockage which prevents the delivery of the sperm

Question 35

Normal sperm densities

Answer 35

15 million to greater than 200 million sperm per milliliter of semen

Question 36

3 categories for the treatment of male infertility

Answer 36

1. Hormonal treatment to increase sperm counts or noninvasive methods to collect sperm 2. Surgery to open up blocks in the testicle 3. Assisted reproductive techniques

Question 37

Surgery to open up blocks in the testicle

Answer 37

(Transurethral resection

Question 38

Process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro

Answer 38

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 39

Sperm is placed directly into the uterus using a small catheter

Answer 39

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

Question 40

It involves injecting live sperm into a person's eggs in a laboratory

Answer 40

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)