Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCN > Reviewer #5 > Flashcards

Reviewer #5 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal glucose level

A

70 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that usually to absolute insulin deficiency.

A

Type 1 DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells results in?

A

Immune-mediated DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Forms that have no known cause?

A

Idiopathic type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State that usually arises because of insulin resistance combined with a relative deficiency in the production of insulin.

A

Type 2 DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Condition of abnormal glucose metabolism that arises during pregnancy.

A

Gestational DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State between “normal” and “diabetes” in which the body is no longer using and secreting insulin properly.

A

Impaired glucose homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State when fasting plasma glucose is at least 110 but under 126 mg/dL

A

Impaired fasting glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State when results of the oral glucose tolerance test are at least 140 but under 200 mg/dL in the 1 hr sample

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Defined as glucose intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

A

Gestational DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most important perinatal concern in this group is?

A

Macrosomia with resulting birth trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

% of women that develops diabetes in the
ensuing 20 years and this is linked with obesity.

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

% of high-risk women tested positive for GDM after 26 weeks of gestation.

A

40.4 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Filipino women commonly develop?

A

GDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In 10 women how many has GDM?

A

1 or 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diabetes that antedates pregnancy?

A

Pre-Gestational Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pregnancies which are complicated by pre-gestational diabetes, type-1 or type-2, carry what?

A

Risk to both mother and fetus beyond the effects on fetal growth and development in
mid and late pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Risk factors for GDM screening

A

> Hx of DM
Given birth to large infants (4kg)
Hx of recurrent fetal loss
Persistent glycosuria
Age: > than 25 years
Px of glucose intolerance or DM in pregnancy
Obesity (> 15% of non pregnant ideal body wt)
Px of stillbirth, unexplained neonatal death, congenital malformations, prematurity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Presence of reducing sugars in the urine

A

Glycosuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Underweight value in Pre-gestational BMI

A

less than 18.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Overweight value in Pre-gestational BMI

A

25 to 30 or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GDM is caused by?

A

Placental production of human placental lactogen (HPL) and progesterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Other hormones that may contribute to GDM

A

Prolactin and Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

As placenta develops

A

Estrogen decreases as HPL and progesterone rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most marked in the third trimester at which time GDM most often occurs

A

Insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Major fetal growth hormone

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Most insulin sensitive tissue

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Screening is ideally initiated between

A

24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy

29
Q

Low risk

A

No screening

30
Q

Average risk

A

24 to 28 weeks

31
Q

High risk

A

ASAP

32
Q

Measurement of plasma glucose 1 hour after ingesting 50 g of glucose.

A

Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)

33
Q

Women with elevated GCT values requires

A

Oral glucose tolerance test

34
Q

Measurement of plasma glucose after ingesting 100 g of glucose.

A

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

35
Q

What criteria detects 54% more women with GDM than the NDDG criteria

A

CC criteria

36
Q

Not useful in gestational diabetes mellitus

A

Urine glucose monitoring

37
Q

May be useful in detecting insufficient caloric or carbohydrate intake in women treated with calorie restriction

A

Urine ketone monitoring

38
Q

Effects of GDM on the fetus

A

> Neonatal hypoglycemia
Macrosomia
Jaundice
Hyperviscosity
Birth trauma
Prematurity
Hyaline membrane disease
Apnea and Bradycardia

39
Q

Big baby syndrome

A

Macrosomia

40
Q

Stimulates excessive somatic growth mediated by

A

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)

41
Q

Affects 10-25% of all pregnant women with GDM

A

Pre-eclampsia

42
Q

High incidence of chorioamnionitis and postpartum endometritis

A

Infections

43
Q

High incidence caused by exaggerated uterine distension

A

Postpartum bleeding

44
Q

More common due to fetal macrosmia and cephalo-pelvic disproportion

A

Cesarean section

45
Q

Dietary therapy

A

> Refer to dietitian
High fiber CHO diet
Avoid concentrated sweets

46
Q

When Dietary Therapy Fails

A

Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

47
Q

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A

Glyburide and Metformin

48
Q

Normal value of Amniotic Fluid

A

5 to 25 cm AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index)

49
Q

*If the fasting value is > 95 mg/dL, or 1 hr value
> 130-140 mg/dL or 2 hr value > 120 mg/dL

A

Insulin therapy is needed

50
Q

Only for routine obstetric indication GDM alone is not an indication

A

C section

51
Q

Maternal hyperglycemia in labor

A

Fetal Hyperinsulinemia

51
Q

Cesarean delivery may reduce the likelihood of
brachial plexus injury in the infant that weigh

A

> 4.5 Kg fetus

52
Q

A normal concentration of glucose in the blood.

A

Euglycemia

53
Q

Give insulin only if blood sugar

A

Greater than 120 mg/dL

54
Q

Delivery usually at

A

38 weeks

55
Q

If beyond 38 weeks

A

increased risk of intrauterine death without an increase in RDS

56
Q

Early delivery may be indicated for

A

> Women with poor glycemic control
Fetal problems

57
Q

In order to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia.

A

The goal is to maintain normoglycemia

58
Q

Start dextrose to maintain basal nutritional requirements

A

150-200 ml/hr of 5% dextrose

59
Q

Post delivery keep patients on

A

Dextrose-normal saline

60
Q

Hypoglycemia occurs in __% of macrosomic patients

A

50%

61
Q

If neonate is symptomatic give?

A

Bolus of 2- 4 ml/kg, IV, 10%
dextrose

62
Q

Fasting blood glucose concentrations should be

A

Less than 105 mg/dL

63
Q

One hour postprandial
concentrations should be

A

Less than 140 mg/dL

64
Q

Before starting regular food intake, administer?

A

One half of the pre-delivery dose

65
Q

If the pt’s postpartum GTT is normal, she should be re-evaluated at a minimum of?

A

3 years interval with a fasting glucose.

66
Q
A
67
Q
A

MCN (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions