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Question 1

Broadest sense encompasses all fields of natural science.

Answer 1

Environmental Science

Question 2

It is concerned with engineering problems in the field of public health, such as control of arthropod-borne diseases, the elimination of industrial health hazards, and the provision of adequate sanitation in urban, rural, and recreational areas, and the effect of technological advances on the environment.

Answer 2

Environmental Engineering

Question 3

It results from products used in construction materials, the inadequacy of general ventilation, and geophysical factors that may result in exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials.

Answer 3

Indoor Air Pollutants

Question 4

___________ (those associated with the activities of human beings) include motor vehicles, fossil fuel burning for electricity and heat, industrial processes, solid waste disposal, and miscellaneous burning of such things as leaves and brush.

Answer 4

Anthropogenic Sources

Question 5

Incomplete oxidation of carbon results in the production of __________.

Answer 5

Carbon Monoxide

Question 6

This colorless, odorless gas is lethal to humans within a few minutes at concentrations exceeding 5000 ppm.

Answer 6

Carbon Monoxide

Question 7

It is identified as causal agents for a variety of diseases.

Answer 7

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Question 8

HAPs means

Answer 8

Hazardous Air Pollutants

Question 9

Examples of HAPs

Answer 9

• asbestos
• arsenic
• benzene
• coke oven emissions
• radionuclides may cause cancer

Question 10

Smelters and refining processes, as well as incineration of lead-containing wastes, are major point sources of _________.

Answer 10

Lead

Question 11

Volcanic activity and airborne soil are the primary natural sources of _________.

Answer 11

Atmospheric Lead

Question 12

Result entirely from atmospheric reactions and are not direct emissions from either people or nature; thus, they are called secondary pollutants.

Answer 12

Photochemical Oxidants

Question 13

PANs means

Answer 13

Peroxyacetyl Nitrate

Question 14

Include sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), their acids, and the salts of their acids.

Answer 14

Sulfur Oxide (SOx)

Question 15

It is an international agreement that aimed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Answer 15

Kyoto Protocol

Question 16

Is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances (ODS).

Answer 16

Montreal Protocol

Question 17

Is a multilateral environmental agreement signes in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of Ozone depleting substances (ODS) due to their contribution to the destruction of the ozone layer, resulting in an increased threat of skin cancer.

Answer 17

Vienna Convention

Question 18

Its purpose is to protect the ozone layer in the earth’s stratosphere.

Answer 18

Vienna Convention

Question 19

It is a legally binding international agreement aimed at preventing and adapting to the effects of climate change.

Answer 19

Paris Agreement

Question 20

Is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.

Answer 20

Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A 8749)

Question 21

In contrast to the other major air pollutants, ____________ is a cumulative poison. A further difference is that it is ingested in food and water, as well as being inhaled.

Answer 21

Lead

Question 22

Bacterial action in the soil releases nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere.

Answer 22

Nitrogen Dioxide

Question 23

Air pollutants effects on Materials

Answer 23

Materials can deteriorate due to various mechanisms, including abrasion from solid particles, chemical reactions like solubilization and oxidation-reduction, and electrochemical corrosion. For instance, sulfur dioxide and water can react with limestone, causing it to dissolve and wash away. Factors such as moisture, temperature, sunlight, and the material’s position influence the rate of deterioration. Frequent cleaning processes, like sandblasting buildings or washing clothes, can also contribute to damage.

Question 24

Air pollutants effect on Vegetation

Answer 24

Air pollutants can damage vegetation by affecting cell and leaf anatomy, particularly the function of guard cells in regulating gas and water vapor exchange. This damage extends beyond superficial leaf injury, impacting growth and fruit size, thereby reducing income for farmers and leading to premature plant death. Additionally, pollutants like fluoride can accumulate on plants, causing direct damage and secondary effects in grazing animals. Diagnosing air pollution damage is challenging due to similarities with other stressors like droughts, pests, and nutrient deficiencies, as well as the synergistic effects of combined pollutants.

Question 25

Air pollutants effect on Health

Answer 25

Air pollution affects people’s health, especially smokers and those with job-related exposure. Testing on animals may not fully apply to humans, raising ethical concerns about setting pollution standards.

The respiratory system, including the upper and lower tracts, suffers from air pollution. Tiny particles can reach deep into the lungs, causing damage and respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. These conditions make breathing difficult and reduce lung function.