Review Unit Flashcards
what happens to k in an equation when it is reversed
becomes inverse 1/k
when doing stoicheometry with different coefficients
CO2+2Al
remember that 1 mol of from the balanced equation equals 2 mols of the other
where is the bonding point on a potential energyvs internuclear distance
the lowest point
what does less occupied shells of electrons mean
the cloud is less polarizable
what does a larger ka mean
a stronger acid
if you want to increase pH by 1 how mjch more factor of ml need to be added
a factor of 10 of the base (for increases)
when are polar covalent bonds formed
when the molecules geometry are asymetrical aranged to not cancel out polairy
when are nonpolar covalent bonds formed
when the molecules geometry are symmetrical aranged to cancel out polairy
kinetic molecular theory
a model that explains the physical behavior that they are always in constant random motion
what is an ideal gas condition
low temperature and high pressure
if you have a polar solution with chromotography what happens
the more polar molecule travels farther up
solubility
the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance to form a solution
spectroscopy and the five types of light and what they do to electrons
how matter interacts with light
xray: ejects electrongs
UV: breaks bonds
Visible: changes shells then changes back
infared: Vibrates the molecules
Microwave: Rotates the electrons
what is the relationship between wavelength and frequency
higher wavelength equals a lower frequency
relate q and h to an equation and what can two things you NOT FORGET
q = number of moles multiplid by H
q of the surrounding is the negative q of the reaction and REMEMBER BALANCED EQUATION
how to find the temperature of air in a given reaction
remember to flip the q if you already have found it
use q=mcat and then solve for change in time
t = q/mc
then remember to add to the original temperature already given
does a reaction speed up or slow down (loses mass quickly or slowly as it progresses)
the reaction slows down so the rate of losing mass also slows down
if rate of losing mass is constant what is the order of the reaction
zeroth order
WHAT TO NOT FORGET WHEN MAKING A BALANCED EQUATION
CHARGES!!!!!!
difference between q and k
q is products over reactants and tells you any movement
k is products over reactants and tells you movement at equilibrium
what happens and what does it mean when
q< k
q>k
q = k
moves to the right, too many reactants
moves to the left, too many products
no shift equal
how do you find total mass when you need to use the mcat equation
use density formula because you need the total mass of the entire solution that includes water
if oxidation number increases is it oxidation or reduction
oxidation
if you multiply amperes times seconds what do you get and what does that relate to
columbs which relates to faradays constant
when using the E=Hv equation what unit does E have to be in and how do you convert
Joules of Electrons so you use the avogadros number to convert the energy you have
which step of a reaction is the rate determing step
the slow step
when you have a weak acid and a salt how does that make a buffer
The salt gives the conjugate base (A⁻) because The salt dissolves leaving only A-
Now you have HA + A⁻ → buffer!
when you have a weak acid and a strong base how does that make a buffer
Strong base converts some HA → A⁻
Makes both HA + A⁻ → buffer!
The OH reacts with the HA and forms both H2O and some A-
what happens to a buffer when you had a strong acid
The A- in the buffer neutralizes the H+ by forming HA
what happens to a buffer when you add a strong base
OH is neutralized by the HA to create water and another A-
when are HA and A- equal
half way to the equivalence point
at the equivalence point what two things are equal in terms of a buffer
Moles of HA originally there is equal to Moles of Base
How do you calculate Q
products over reactants
what does a longer radius and more occupied shells mean on a magniute vs bond length graph
longer bond length but lower magnitude
How do you calculate combined reactions with H values
Final H = Reaction 1 + Reaction 2
What increases a rate of the reaction (four things)
catalyst
increase concentration
high temperature
high pressure
If you need to see which moleules whill dissociate more between a molecule with a Cl and a molecule with a H which one will?
The molecule with the Cl because it is more electronegatie and broadens the charge
What should be constant for an idea gas and if they’re not what causes that
PV/NRT
high temperature low pressure AND Inter-Molecular forces
How to tell which molecule will condense first
the one with the weakest IMF forces since it has a lower boiling point
How can you figure out how many electrons are being transferred
If Cl oxidation number goes from -1 to 0 there is 1 electron transfered every one Cl and if two Cl’s are transfred then there are two electrons being trasnfered
what does a delocalized electron indicate
they flow and create electricity
what is a substitutional alloy
takes the place of another molecule to form a sea of electrons
what is an interstitial alloy
Molecules fill in between the gaps of other molecule to create a sea of electrons
if you have a longer wavelength and a smalller wavelength which one has more energy
the smaller wavelength
If you have an N-H bond and an O-C bond which one will form a better hydrogen bond
the N-H bond because the bond is more electronegative and is easier to be polarized
if you decrease in energy like from a solid to a liquid what is H
negative
how do you SOLVE a ksp with this equation 2OH + H
ksp= 2[OH]^2 times [H]
if you don’t account for a caliometer in a reaction what happens to q
A lower temperature will happen because the caliometer adds heat so then q will be small
