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Artic/Phonology > Review Study Guide > Flashcards

Review Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are involved with articulation?

A 
mandible
tongue
lips
teeth
hard palate (alveolar ridge)
velum
uvula
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2
Q

what structures are involved with phonation?

A

larynx

vocal folds

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3
Q

what structures are involved in resonation?

A

oral, nasal and pharyngeal cavaities

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4
Q

what structures are involved in respiration?

A

lungs, airways, trachea, rib cage, abdomen, diaphragm.

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5
Q

what are the bilabial sounds?

A

p, b, m

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6
Q

The average number of glottal openings per second is known as a persons….

A

fundamental frequency

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7
Q

what is timbre?

A

tonal quality unique to each person.

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8
Q

what is the mechanism involved in vocal fold vibration?

A

subglottal air pressure

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9
Q

what position are the vocal folds at the onset of phonation?

A

they move toward the midline into adducted position.

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10
Q

what is the process of phonation?

A 
vocal fold adduct
subglottal pressure builds
vocal folds forced apart
glottis opens
pressure decreases
vocal folds adduct again
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11
Q

why is the velopharyngeal mechanism important for resonance?

A

it helps to decipher between speech sounds (nasal and nonnasal)

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12
Q

is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed for nasals sounds?

A

open

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13
Q

what role does resonance play in the production of vowels?

A

vowels are produced by manipulating the mouth openings and tongue positions (resonators) , creating different vowel qualities.

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14
Q

what are harmonics related to?

A

fundamental frequency

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15
Q

during inhalation, the alveolar pressure is

A

less than the atmospheric pressure

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16
Q

The velopharyngeal port is a passage between the nasopharynx and the

A

oropharynx

17
Q

what is an Ankyloglossia?

A

congenital oral anomaly that restricts the tongue’s range of motion (tongue-tie). It is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

18
Q

what is an glossectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the tongue

19
Q

what type of malocclusion is an overbite?

A

II

20
Q

what type of malocclusion is an underbite?

A

III

21
Q

what is sound is produced with a relatively open vocal tract that represents a phoneme in a language?

A

vowel

22
Q

what is Diadochokinesis?

A

rapid repetition of several different sounds in a row. A traditional oral motor exercise.

23
Q

If a child born with a cleft palate has surgery to correct the problem before the age of 2, most likely the child will or will not have permanent effects on articulation.

A

Depends.

24
Q

why might someone needs a palatal prosthesis?

A

muscular inability to sufficiently close the port between the nasopharynx and oropharynx during speech and/or swallowing.

25
Q

A closure of the velopharyngeal port is necessary for speech and swallowing. It results in the following:

A

All phonemes, except NASALS

26
Q

What are some syndromes that may cause a lack of closure of the velopharyngeal port?

A 
cleft palate
DS
stroke
head injury
ALS
27
Q

What is them velopharyngeal inadequacy and why does it make it difficult to build intraoral air pressure?

A

improper closure of the velopharyngeal. It will allow air to escape through the nose instead of the mouth during speech.

28
Q

With velopharyngeal inadequacy, a common artic pattern is to shift the production of __________ to the _______ portion of the oral cavity.

A

consonants

posterior

29
Q

Is speech a neuromotor task? T/F

A

yes

30
Q

Give an example of what a clinican might ask a child to articulate using Diadochokinesis

A

puh-tuh-kuh

31
Q

What are two reasons why normal hearing essential for oral speech and language acquisition?

A
  1. communication behavior

2. following the normal pattern of development

32
Q

What is the normal range of hearing for children? Adult?

A

child: 0-15 db
adult: 0-25 db

33
Q

Explain the between the sensorineural hearing loss and conductive hearing loss

A

Sensorineural occurs when there is damage cochlea and/or auditory nerve (inner ear)
Conductive occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles).

34
Q

what is a well established factor in articulation learning?

A

age???

35
Q

Tongue thrust refers to a certain manner of swallowing and tongue placement in the oral cavity during rest. T/F

A

T

36
Q

What 3 things characterize tongue thrusts?

A
  1. Tongue protruding between or against the upper and/or lower “front teeth” when forming /s/, /z/, /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, or /sh/
  2. Frequent open-mouth resting posture with the lips parted and/or the tongue resting against the upper and/or lower teeth
  3. Frequent mouth breathing in the absence of allergies or nasal congestion
37
Q

What age is considered normal for tongue thrusting

A

approximately up to 6 months

Artic/Phonology (5 decks)

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