Review Study Guide

Question 1

what structures are involved with articulation?

Answer 1

mandible
tongue
lips
teeth
hard palate (alveolar ridge)
velum
uvula

Question 2

what structures are involved with phonation?

Answer 2

larynx

vocal folds

Question 3

what structures are involved in resonation?

Answer 3

oral, nasal and pharyngeal cavaities

Question 4

what structures are involved in respiration?

Answer 4

lungs, airways, trachea, rib cage, abdomen, diaphragm.

Question 5

what are the bilabial sounds?

Answer 5

p, b, m

Question 6

The average number of glottal openings per second is known as a persons….

Answer 6

fundamental frequency

Question 7

what is timbre?

Answer 7

tonal quality unique to each person.

Question 8

what is the mechanism involved in vocal fold vibration?

Answer 8

subglottal air pressure

Question 9

what position are the vocal folds at the onset of phonation?

Answer 9

they move toward the midline into adducted position.

Question 10

what is the process of phonation?

Answer 10

vocal fold adduct
subglottal pressure builds
vocal folds forced apart
glottis opens
pressure decreases
vocal folds adduct again

Question 11

why is the velopharyngeal mechanism important for resonance?

Answer 11

it helps to decipher between speech sounds (nasal and nonnasal)

Question 12

is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed for nasals sounds?

Answer 12

open

Question 13

what role does resonance play in the production of vowels?

Answer 13

vowels are produced by manipulating the mouth openings and tongue positions (resonators) , creating different vowel qualities.

Question 14

what are harmonics related to?

Answer 14

fundamental frequency

Question 15

during inhalation, the alveolar pressure is

Answer 15

less than the atmospheric pressure

Question 16

The velopharyngeal port is a passage between the nasopharynx and the

Answer 16

oropharynx

Question 17

what is an Ankyloglossia?

Answer 17

congenital oral anomaly that restricts the tongue’s range of motion (tongue-tie). It is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Question 18

what is an glossectomy

Answer 18

surgical removal of all or part of the tongue

Question 19

what type of malocclusion is an overbite?

Answer 19

II

Question 20

what type of malocclusion is an underbite?

Answer 20

III

Question 21

what is sound is produced with a relatively open vocal tract that represents a phoneme in a language?

Answer 21

vowel

Question 22

what is Diadochokinesis?

Answer 22

rapid repetition of several different sounds in a row. A traditional oral motor exercise.

Question 23

If a child born with a cleft palate has surgery to correct the problem before the age of 2, most likely the child will or will not have permanent effects on articulation.

Answer 23

Depends.

Question 24

why might someone needs a palatal prosthesis?

Answer 24

muscular inability to sufficiently close the port between the nasopharynx and oropharynx during speech and/or swallowing.

Question 25

A closure of the velopharyngeal port is necessary for speech and swallowing. It results in the following:

Answer 25

All phonemes, except NASALS

Question 26

What are some syndromes that may cause a lack of closure of the velopharyngeal port?

Answer 26

cleft palate
DS
stroke
head injury
ALS

Question 27

What is them velopharyngeal inadequacy and why does it make it difficult to build intraoral air pressure?

Answer 27

improper closure of the velopharyngeal. It will allow air to escape through the nose instead of the mouth during speech.

Question 28

With velopharyngeal inadequacy, a common artic pattern is to shift the production of __________ to the _______ portion of the oral cavity.

Answer 28

consonants

posterior

Question 29

Is speech a neuromotor task? T/F

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Give an example of what a clinican might ask a child to articulate using Diadochokinesis

Answer 30

puh-tuh-kuh

Question 31

What are two reasons why normal hearing essential for oral speech and language acquisition?

Answer 31

1. communication behavior

2. following the normal pattern of development

Question 32

What is the normal range of hearing for children? Adult?

Answer 32

child: 0-15 db
adult: 0-25 db

Question 33

Explain the between the sensorineural hearing loss and conductive hearing loss

Answer 33

Sensorineural occurs when there is damage cochlea and/or auditory nerve (inner ear)
Conductive occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles).

Question 34

what is a well established factor in articulation learning?

Answer 34

age???

Question 35

Tongue thrust refers to a certain manner of swallowing and tongue placement in the oral cavity during rest. T/F

Answer 35

T

Question 36

What 3 things characterize tongue thrusts?

Answer 36

1. Tongue protruding between or against the upper and/or lower “front teeth” when forming /s/, /z/, /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, or /sh/
2. Frequent open-mouth resting posture with the lips parted and/or the tongue resting against the upper and/or lower teeth
3. Frequent mouth breathing in the absence of allergies or nasal congestion

Question 37

What age is considered normal for tongue thrusting

Answer 37

approximately up to 6 months