Review Session COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Name two toxoid vaccines.

A

Diphteria and tetanus

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2
Q

Name three vaccines to polysaccharide capsules.

A

Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae

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3
Q

The Influenza vaccine generates antibodies to ____________.

A

neuraminidase and hemagglutinin

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4
Q

Name three vaccines to envelope proteins.

A

Dengue, rabies, and MMR

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5
Q

Recently, ____________ has been eliminated from many diagnostic guidelines for HIV.

A

Western blot

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6
Q

What does fourth-generation HIV testing test for?

A

Antibodies (ELISA) and p24 antigen (also ELISA)

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7
Q

How many types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are known?

A

H: 18
N: 11

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8
Q

Which two type A influenza strains are circulating now?

A

H3N2 and H1N1 (including many sub-types)

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9
Q

The only two vaccines recommended for pregnant women are _____________.

A

TDaP and influenza

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10
Q

What kind of protein is M2?

A

An ion channel

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11
Q

True or false: oseltamivir also inhibits infection.

A

True. There is sialic acid in mucus. Influenza needs to cleave through this to get to epithelial cells. Inhibiting neuraminidase thus prevents more infection.

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12
Q

True or false: the only DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus are the Herpesviruses.

A

False. Poxvirus is the only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.

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13
Q

What protein is usually transmitted first by positive-sense ssRNA viruses?

A

Viral RNA polymerase

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14
Q

Those with MAC deficiencies are more susceptible to ______________ infections.

A

Gram-negative (because the peptidoglycan layer is impermeable to MAC)

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15
Q

People with defects in cellular immunity are at risk of which kind of bacterial infections?

A

Intracellular: Mycobacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, etc.

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16
Q

True or false: those with common chain deficiency will have B lymphocytes.

A

True. Just no Ts.

17
Q

True or false: those with RAG mutations will have no lymphocytes.

A

False. They can have NKs.

18
Q

Clinical neutropenia is ______________.

A

neutrophil counts less than 500

19
Q

According to Dr. Jannoff, what class of HIV drugs has the highest rate of resistance?

A

NNRTIs

20
Q

Again, what is the “backbone” of HIV treatment?

A

2 NRTIs and something else (such as integrase inhibitor or protease inhibitor)

21
Q

Why is one drug sufficient to treat latent TB?

A

Latent TB presents with fewer bacteria. Resistance is rare in TB, so the odds that someone with latent TB has resistant bacteria are low. Thus, one drug is sufficient.

22
Q

The two mainstay drugs for Mycobacterium avium complex are _____________.

A

azithromycin and rifabutin

23
Q

In the lepromatous response to M. leprae, __________ suppresses healing.

A

IL-10

24
Q

People who’ve recently gotten BMTs are at risk of which type of pneumonia?

A

Aspergillus

25
Q

You know that S. aureus, Nocardia, and P. aeruginosa are all catalase-positive, but what other organisms are those with CGD at risk for?

A

Serratia
Aspergillus
Salmonella