Review quiz 1 Flashcards
Function of bone?
To protect organs, and to keep our bodies up right; posture
What are bones made of ?
tissues; fibrous, cartilaginous, osseous, nerves.
Types of bone?
Long
short
Irregular
Flat
Biomechanical Frame of reference?
Assumptions, purposeful activities, remediate loss of ROM,strength and endurance.
Who does the biomechanical FOR serve?
Stroke patients, burn patients, nerve injuries.
Musculoskeletal Motions
Flexion, Extention Abduction, Adduction Rotation Protraction, Retraction Ulnar, and Radial Deviation Horizontal Abduction and Adduction Eversion, Inversion Circumduction
Passive
Person does not extend effort
Active Assistive
Person moves body part through part of the range of motion and then is assisted to move through the rest of the range of motion
Active
Person moves body part through the range of motion
Gravity
point of which weight is considered to be center.
Center of gravity is located anterior 2nd sacral vertebrae
Why muscle testing
Set baselines, prevent deformities, help with diagnoses, aid in activity selection
Types of joints?
Synarthrosis- sutures, skull
2- Amphiarthrosis- cartilage, spinal disks
3- Diathrosis- Hip, elbow
Types of Synovial joints
Hinge joint – elbow
Pivot joint- radiovalnar/ radiohead
Ellipsoid joint- wrist
Ball and socket joint- shldr and hip
Plane joint- rotation, translation
Saddle joint- thumb
Condyloid joint- knee
MUSCLES INVOLED IN BICEP CURL OR elbow Flexion
Biceps
2) Brachialis
3) Brachioadialis
ONE degrees of freedom
ELBOW; flexion and extension
TWO degrees of freedom
WRIST ; flexion, extension, deviation
THREE degrees of freedom
HIP AND SHOULDER; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction internal rotation, external rotation
Planes and Axis
FRONTAL PLANE- SAGITTAL AXIS
- SAGITTAL PLANE – FRONTAL AXIS
- TRANSVERSE PLANE- VERTICAL AXIS
Golgi tendon organ prevents what?
Over flexion
Muscle spindles prevent what?
Over extension
Kinematic Chains
Closed Kinematic chain Moving toward an object (squatting) Open is bring it towards you. (Kicking your foot)
Innervention ratio
Average number of muscle fibers per motor unit in a given muscle.
Motor unit
Alpha motor neurons
Red Muscle Fibers
Slow twitch Smaller for endurance Aerobic- Uses ATP stored in muscles depends on oxygen or air to function Made for strength Fast reaction
White Muscle fibers
Fast twitch Larger for speed Anaerobic Does not need Oxygen to function Uses energy from another source
Muscle grading scale
Normal N 5
Good G 4
Fair + F+ 3+
Fair F 3
Fair- F- 3-
Poor + P + 2+
Poor P 2
Poor- P- 2-
Trace T 1
Zero
Isometric
Contraction of muscle without visible movement
Isotonic
With movement
Types of Muscles?
Smooth, cardiac and skeletal(striated)
5 muscle types of architecture?
1- Fusiform 2- Penniform 3- unipennate 4- Bipennate 5- Multipennate
5 characteristics of muscles
1-contractility 2- irritability 3- relaxation 4- distensibility 5- elasticity
Stability muscles are
TONIC
Mobility muscles are
PHASIC
