Kinesiology Flashcards
Kinesiology
The study of movement and active and passive structures involved
Frame of Reference
Explains human behavior
Specific treatment
Provides rationales for why techniques work
Assumpstions, Function-dysfunction continuum, evaluation, treatment
Why do we take measurements
To determine presence or absence of dysfunction
To establish baselines
To objectively measure amount or lack of progress
To help set realistic goals
Research the effectiveness of therapeutic techniques
Fabricate orthoses and adaptive equipment
Screening
Look in medical record at past tests
Observation of PROM, AROM
Non-Pathological Factors Effecting ROM
Sex Age Hereditary factors Occupation Physical training Anxiety or stress Fear of injury
Types of goniometers and uses
Finger
“180”
Larger goniometers used for larger joints of the body
Parts of goniometer
Stationary arm (Proximal bar) Moveable arm (Distal bar) Axis
How to record findings
Determined by setting –
use 180 degree scale;
some use form, some just write it in narrative.
State position of the patient while measured
ROM recorded as an arc of motion
State whether recorded motion is passive (PROM) or active (AROM)
We do not measure AAROM
How to record findings
E.G.: Elbow flexion:
Normal: 0˚ → 135˚ → 150˚
Limited elbow / : 15˚ → 135˚ → 150˚
Limited elbow v : 0˚ → 100˚
Limited elbow / and v : 20˚ → 100˚
Hyperextension: -20˚ → 135˚ → 150˚
If not tested: N/T or N/A
Documenting Goniometric Measurements
Patient name, age, sex, diagnosis
Therapist name (will sign)
Date and time of measurement
Joint and motion being measured (including side of the body)
Type of motion - passive or active
Subjective information such as pain
Objective information such as crepitus, capsular pattern
Describe deviation from recommended position
Factors Effecting Muscle Strength
Subject factors General health status Pathology Gender Age Activity level/occupations
Psychological/psychosocial factors
Motivation/perceived effort/expectation Cognition Distress and anxiety Depression Fear of injury Self efficacy
Muscle factors
Type of fibers Innervation ratio Fiber architecture Type of contraction Number of joints crossed Vascularity Fatigue Angle of pull
Types of Skeletal Muscle
Fusiform Penniform (Stronger than fusiform muscles) Unipennate Bipennate Multipennate
Innervation ratio
Average number of muscle fibers per motor unit in a givin muscle
Red Muscle Fibers
Slow twitch Smaller for endurance Aerobic- Uses ATP stored in muscles depends on oxygen or air to function Made for strength Fast reaction
White Muscle fibers
Fast twitch Larger for speed Anaerobic Does not need Oxygen to function Uses energy from another source
Isometric
Contraction of muscle without visable movement
Isotonic
With movement
Angle of pull
Direct line of pull on the muscle
Ways to assess muscle strength
Screening- tools exist that give a general estimate (MR, observation, gross check comparing limbs)
Functional motion testing – infer strength through observing engagement in daily activities
Manual muscle testing – break test, active resistance, testing of muscle groups vs. individual muscles
Why Do We Take Measurements?
To establish baseline, set goals, plan treatment
To discern how muscle weakness interferes with ADL
To assist with diagnosis (doctor)
To prevent deformities
To objectively measure amount or lack of progress
To aid in activity selection
Establish need for AE
Research the effectiveness of therapeutic techniques
Screen for job placement & return to work
Medical-legal (once signed becomes legal doc)
