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astronomy exam 4 > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Neutron stars

A

A core with remaining mass of 1.4 to 3 solar mass, composed of tightly packed neutrons

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2
Q

Black Holes

A

A remaining core with a mass of more than 3 solar mass.

-Will continue to collapse into an infinitely small location in space

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3
Q

_______ cannot escape a black hole

A

Light

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4
Q

Planets in order Acronym

A

My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine…

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5
Q

Planets in order

A

1) Mercury
2) Venus
3) Earth
4) Mars
5) Jupiter
6) Saturn
7) Uranus
8) Neptune

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6
Q

Inner (Terrestrial) Planet Features

A

small, rocky, have few moons, no rings

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7
Q

Venus Characteristics

A

1) completely hidden beneath thick atmosphere/clouds

2) extremely high atmospheric pressure

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8
Q

Mars Characteristics

A

1) once geologically active

2) large storm due to high pressure

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9
Q

In terms of orbital distance, Inner planets are ______ _________ than outer planets

A

Drastically different.

-much smaller

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10
Q

Jupiter Characteristics

A

1) Gas Planet
2) largest planet in our solar system
3) has 4 large moons

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11
Q

Saturn Characteristics

A

1) Has the most extensive ring system

- composed of ice and ice-coated rocks

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12
Q

Neptune Characteristics

A

1) Brilliant Blue

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13
Q

Uranus characteristics

A

1) Hazy atmosphere

2) Tilt gives it very exaggerated seasons

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14
Q

The Kuiper Belt is located ________.

A

outside Pluto

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15
Q

the Kuiper Belt is _____ times as wide as the asteroid belt

A

20X

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16
Q

The Oort Cloud is located _______.

A

Outside Pluto

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17
Q

the Oort cloud is home to _______ comets

A

~ 1 trillion

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18
Q

The Asteroid Belt is located between _________.

A

Mars and Jupiter

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19
Q

Direct Imaging

A

Using techniques to block out the host star’s light

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20
Q

Astrometry

A

Detect planets by measuring the change in a star’s position in the sky

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21
Q

Doppler Affect Definition

A

the change in wavelength of radiation (light) due to the relative motion between the source and the observer along the line of sight

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22
Q

Astronomers use the Doppler Effect to….

A

learn about the radial (along the line of sight) motions of stars, and other astronomical objects

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23
Q

when something which is giving off light move towards or away from you, the wavelength of the emitted light is ________.

A

changed or “shifted”

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24
Q

Redshift

A

When the source of light is moving away from the observer

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25
Q

Redshifts will cause the wavelength of the emitted light to ______.

A

Appear to increase

26
Q

Blueshift

A

When the source of light is moving towards form the observer

27
Q

Blueshifts will cause the wavelength of the emitted light to _______.

A

Appear to decrease

28
Q

The doppler Effect only happens for motion moving _______.

A

moving along the line of sight

29
Q

Objects move faster towards or away from you will exhibit a ________.

A

larger blue or red shift

30
Q

Measuring a stars doppler Shift can tell us its _________.

A

motion toward and away form us

31
Q

Transit Method

A

Measuring a planets light as it passes between us and a star as it dims and reappears.

32
Q

The Drake Equation

A

The number of civilizations in our galaxy in with which communication might be possible.

33
Q

The milky way is ________ light years across, but only ________ light years thick.

A

100,000 ; 1,000

34
Q

Stars in the disk all orbit _________.

A

in the same direction.

35
Q

Stars in the bulge and halo have ________ orbits.

A

random

36
Q

Interstellar Medium definition

A

the term for the material (gas and dust) which resides between the stars

37
Q

Low mass stars return gas to the ISM by ___________.

A

blowing off their outer layers

38
Q

High mass stars return material in two ways:

A

1) stellar winds blow off much of the outer envelope before the supernovae takes place
2) supernovae return nearly all of the products of fusion to the ISM

39
Q

Summary of the star-gas-star

A

1) stars make new elements by fusion
2) dying stars expel gas and new elements producing hot bubbles
3) hot gas cools, allowing atomic hydrogen clouds to form
4) further cooling permits molecules to form, making molecular clouds
5) gravity forms new stars ( and planets) in molecular clouds

40
Q

Radio (atomic Hydrogen) show______.

A

where gas has cooled and settled into disk

41
Q

Radio (CO) waves show________.

A

where the molecular gas lives

42
Q

Infrared emissions show ______.

A

where the dust is and its heat

43
Q

X- emissions are observed _______.

A

from hot gas above and below the Milky Ways disk

44
Q

Gamma-Rays show _______.

A

where cosmic rays from supernovae collide with atomic nuclei in gas clouds

45
Q

Halo stars formed ____, disk stars formed ______

A

first; later

46
Q

What is at the center of our Milky Way

A

black hole/supermassive black hole

47
Q

Cosmology definition

A

the study of the overall structure and evolution of the universe

48
Q

the milky way resides in the _______

A

local group

49
Q

The local group is home to ________ other galaxies

A

~ 50

50
Q

the diameter of the milky way is _________ light years.

A

~ 10 million

51
Q

Spiral galaxies are often found in ________

A

groups of galaxies

52
Q

Elliptical galaxies are much more common in _______

A

huge clusters of galaxies

53
Q

Dark Matter composes about _____ of the galaxy

A

26%

54
Q

Hubble’s law

A

the spectra of nearly all galaxies are redshifted, meaning that they re moving away form us

55
Q

‘Modern’ Hubble’s Law

A

Velocity = H0 * distance

56
Q

How do we measure distance?

A

the spectra of galaxies

57
Q

What does redshift mean?

A

Time between now and a given redshift

58
Q

Big Bang:

A

Everything happened at one small point

59
Q

2 pieces of evidence for the big bang

A

1) Residual Heat (light) everywhere
2) number of stars
- —we can only see a certain number of stars because the universe began at a certain moment

60
Q

2 pieces of evidence for Dark Matter

A

1) Flat velocity curves
- ——speed of stars remain constant

2) Galaxy cluster
- —–the speed galaxies orbit

61
Q

5th largest planet

A

Earth

astronomy exam 4 (2 decks)

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