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astronomy exam 4 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

high mass stars are those that have a mass ______X that of the sun

A

8

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2
Q

If you see a supernova go off, that means…

A

new stars are forming in that galaxy

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3
Q

Neutron Stars

A

A core with remaining mass of 1.4-3 solar mass, composed of tightly packed neutrons

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4
Q

Black Holes

A

A remaining core with a mass of more than 3 solar mass. Will continue to collapse into an infinitely small location in space

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5
Q

Neutron stars are ______ solar mass

A

8-20

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6
Q

Black holes are ______Solar mass

A

20 or more

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7
Q

Inner (terrestrial) planets

A

Mercury, venus, Earth, Mars

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8
Q

Inner (terrestrial) Planets characteristics

A

small, rocky, very close to sun, have few moons, have no rings

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9
Q

the surface of Venus is completely hidden beneath…

A

thick atmosphere/clouds

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10
Q

Venus’ atmospheric pressure is

A

extremely high

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11
Q

Venus is covered with

A

gently rolling hill and numerous volcanoes

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12
Q

Jupiter is the ____ of the gas giant planets

A

LArgest

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13
Q

Jupiter is the ____planet in our solar system

A

Largest

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14
Q

Jupiter’s giant res spot is caused by…

A

high pressure storms in the atmosphere

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15
Q

How many moons does Jupiter have?

A

4 large moons and tens of smaller ones

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16
Q

Saturn has the most extensive…

A

ring system in our solar system

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17
Q

Saturns rings are composed of…

A

fragments of ice and ice-coated rock

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18
Q

Uranus’ atmosphere is …

A

hazy with a few clouds

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19
Q

Uranus’ tilt gives it…

A

very exaggerated seasons

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20
Q

Neptune has a ___ color

A

Brilliant blue

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21
Q

the Kuier belt is full of _______.

A

Mostly icy asteroids

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22
Q

the Kuier belt is _____X as wide as the asteroid belt?

A

20

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23
Q

Extra Solar Planets (exoplanets)

A

a planet outside of the solar system

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24
Q

Star has sufficient mass to …..

A

fuse hydrogen and helium

-M>80MJupiter

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25
Q

Brown Dwarf has insufficient mass to …

A

ignite hydrogen, but can undergo a period of Deutrium Burning

  • 13 MJupiter< M < 80 MJupiter
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26
Q

Planet has insufficient mass to…

A

ignite hydrogen or deutrium

-M < 13 MJupiter

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27
Q

a sun like star is about a billion times brighter than…

A

the light it reflects from its planets

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28
Q

Direct imaging

A

imaging or spectroscopy of the planets themselves

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29
Q

Indirect imaging

A

deducing the pretense of planets through their effects not their host star

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30
Q

we can directly image exoplanets by….

A

using techniques to block out the host star’s light

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31
Q

Astrometry

A

detecting planets by measuring the change in a stars position in the sky

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32
Q

Motion affects ________.

A

waves

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33
Q

Doppler Effects____

A

the change in wavelength of radiation (light) due to the relative motion between the source and the observer along the line of sight

34
Q

Astronomers use the Doppler Effect to learn about the ___ of stars, and other astronomical objects

A

radial (along the line of sight) motion

35
Q

When something which is giving off light moves towards or away from you, _______.

A

the wavelength of the emitted light is changed or shifted

36
Q

When the source of light is moving AWAY from the observer, the wavelength_______.

A

of the emitted light will appear to increase.

37
Q

Redshift

A

when the source of light is moving away from the observer the wavelengths of the emitted light will appear to increase

38
Q

When the source of light moving TOWARDS the observer the wavelength________.

A

of the emitted light will appear to decrease.

39
Q

Blueshift

A

When the source of light is moving towards the observer the wavelength of the emitted light will appear to decrease

40
Q

The doppler effect only happens for motion ______.

A

along the line of sight

41
Q

The Doppler effect only happens if the object is emitting light is …

A

moving towards you or away from you

42
Q

the amount of the doppler shift is proportional to the ______

A

Velocity

43
Q

Objects move faster towards or away from you will exhibit a ______.

A

Larger blue or redshift

44
Q

How do we measure these stars wobble?

A

1) observe the star moving with very high-resolution images

2) Use spectroscopy to measure the line-of-sight velocity shift due to the Doppler Effect

45
Q

Transit

A

the passage of relatively small body across the disk of a larger of a larger body, usually a star or a planet, occulting only a very small area

46
Q

The drake Equation

A

the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible

47
Q

We see the Milky way galaxy…

A

edge on

48
Q

three main regions of the Milky way

A

1) buldge
2) Disk
3) Halo

49
Q

The milky way Galaxy is ____ light years across, but only ____ light years thick

A

100,000; 1,000

50
Q

Stars in the disk all orbit in the _____ direction

A

same

51
Q

Stars int eh bulge and halo have _____ orbits

A

Random

52
Q

Intersteller Medium

A

the term for the material (gas and dust) which resides between the stars

53
Q

LOW mass stars return gas to the Interstellar Medium by

A

blowing off their outer layers, which have been polluted from their fusion process due to some “dredge up”

54
Q

Slow Neutron Capture

A

When low mass stars form new elements int heir outer layers during the supergiant phase

55
Q

HIGH mass stars return material to the Interstellar Medium in two ways

A

1) steller winds blowing off much of the outer envelope before the supernova takes place
2) supernova return nearly all of the products of fusion to the ISM

56
Q

Summary of the star-gas-star cycle

A

1) stars make new elements by fusion
2) dying stars expel gas and new elements producing hot bubbles
3) hot gas cools, allowing atomic hydrogen clouds to form
4) further cooling permits molecules to form, making molecular clouds
5) Gravity forms new stars in molecular cloud

57
Q

Halo stars formed ____-.

A

first

58
Q

Disk Stars formed______. later after halo stars

A

later after halo stars

59
Q

Stars near out galactic center orbit

A

very quickly

60
Q

stars orbiting very quickly indicated what?

A

that there is a lot of mass present that we cannot see

61
Q

We study how galaxies grow by…

A

looking back in time using infinite speed of light

62
Q

cosmology

A

the study of the overall structure and evolution of the universe

63
Q

The Milky way resides in ____

A

the local group

64
Q

Our local group is home to ______ galaxies

A

~50

65
Q

our local group has a diameter of roughly _____.

A

~10 million light years

66
Q

two types of galaxies

A

Spiral and Elliptical

67
Q

Hubble Tuning Fork

A

relates all galaxy shapes and sizes

68
Q

The most massive galaxies are ____.

A

elliptical galaxies

69
Q

Elliptical galaxies make up ______% of the large galaxy population

A

15-20

70
Q

Irregular galaxies are

A

not very common and typically star forming

71
Q

Spiral galaxies are often found in

A

groups of galaxies

72
Q

ellipitcal galaxies are often found in _____

A

huge clusters of galaxies

73
Q

Galaxies in clusters are ______

A

always moving

74
Q

If there was no dark matter galaxies would

A

be flying out of the galaxy

75
Q

Dark matter does not _____

A

interact electromagnetically

76
Q

Dark matter does not affect________

A

the nuclei of atoms

77
Q

Dark matter interacts______

A

gravitationally

78
Q

Hubble’s law

A

Velocity = Ho * distance

79
Q

How do we measure distance?

A

we use the spectra of galaxies

80
Q

The more cosmic dust, the _____ the light gets.

A

Redder

81
Q

In order to find the most distant galaxies, we must…

A

Observe in the near-infrared

astronomy exam 4 (2 decks)

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