Review Questions Flashcards
If you fill a balloon full of blood and toss it into water, will it sink or float
It will sink because blood is denser than water. RBCs contain iron that is quite dense compared to water.
What is the pH range of blood? Why is it so critical?
The pH is blood ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. It is so critical because a lot of chemical reactions in the body only work properly in that small range.
What are the two main components of blood? Roughly what percent of each is in blood?
Plasma and formed elements. There are 55% plasma and 45% formed elements.
Blood is about 50% what.
Water
What makes up the majority of blood plasma? What other things are in blood plasma?
Blood plasma is 90% water. The other 10% contains protein, waste, iron, nutrients, gases, and regulatory chemicals.
What makes up the majority of formed elements in blood? What other things are in formed elements?
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) make up most of the formed elements. There are also white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)
What does hemoglobin do in the blood?
Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood and a small amount of carbon dioxide.
What metal must be in hemoglobin for it to work properly?
Iron, because it is the place where the oxygen binds to the hemoglobin.
Why do RBCs have a short lifespan?
Erythrocytes do not have a nucleus, only limited metabolism, little cellular machinery, and no DNA. After the cells nature they can’t make or repair damaged protein.
What are the five types of leukocytes? Which are granulocytes? Which are agranulocytes?
The granulocytes are Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. The Agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
List the function of each leukocyte.
Neutrophils fight infections with phagocytosis and can devour about 10 before dying, Basophils are the most rare and increase in allergic reactions and release histamine (promotes inflammation) and heparin(prevents local blood clotting), eosinophil are an anti-inflammatory but also increase in number during allergic reactions, lymphocytes produce antibodies, and monocytes fight infections with phagocytosis and can devour about 100 bacteria before they die.
Where are the elements in blood formed? From what type of cell are they formed?
The elements in blood are formed in the red bone marrow. The cells they are formed from are hemocytoblasts also called stem cells.
What are the 3 stages of hemostasis and in what order do they occur.
First is the vasoconstriction stage, second the platelet plug stage, and third the coagulation stage.
What is a thrombus
A thrombus is the plug formed in platelet plug formation.
What is made in each of the three stages of blood coagulation?
In the first stage, prothrombinase is made, in the next stage prothrombinase converts prothrombin to make thrombin. Finally thrombin converts fibrinogen to make fibrin.
