Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

1A - 1. When the “ON” button is pressed, which computer component turns on first?

A

the power supply

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2
Q

1A - Where is the Power On Self-Test (POST) program stored?

A

on the motherboard ROM

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3
Q

1A - When does the POST program run?

A

every time the computer is booted

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4
Q

1A - The POST program can indicate hardware failures using audible _____ codes.

A

beep

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5
Q

1A - What is the job of the bootstrap loader program?

A

to find an operating system

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6
Q

1A - The _____________ settings can be configured by the user.

A

CMOS

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7
Q

1A - List 3 storage devices which can be configured to boot an operating system

A

HDD, USB, CD

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8
Q

1A - A storage device with a usable operating system written on it is called a

A

bootable disk or system disk

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9
Q

1A - What modern firmware program has replaced BIOS?

A

UEFI

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10
Q

1A - RAM is also referred to as _____________ or _____________ memory.

A

main or primary

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11
Q

1A - The most common form of computer memory is _______________.

A

DRAM (dynamic)

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12
Q

1A - RAM is _____________ memory, because it will retain data only as long as power is applied.

A

volatile

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13
Q

1A - What kind of RAM more efficiently coordinates the CPU and memory operations?

A

synchronous (sDRAM)

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14
Q

1A - How can the different versions of DDR SDRAM be identified?

A

are identified by sight due to the location of the notch on the RAM stick

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15
Q

1A - What kind of RAM is found on a video card?

A

VRAM

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16
Q

1A - What is the most common cause of a General Protection Fault?

A

two apps trying to use the same block of memory

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17
Q

1A - The ___________ ___________ is the fastest speed at which a CPU can operate.

A

clock speed

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18
Q

1A - Which motherboard circuit creates the clock signal?

A

quartz oscillator

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19
Q

1B1 -Which bus provides bi-directional communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals?

A

data bus

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20
Q

1B1 -The _____________ __________ carries signals that report the status of various devices.

A

control bus

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21
Q

1B1 -How does the CPU access addressable locations in RAM?

A

Address bus

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22
Q

1B1 -The connection between the CPU and RAM is referred to as _______________________ or system bus.

A

front side bus

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23
Q

1B1 -How are data and instructions transferred between the different parts of computer hardware?

A

buses

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24
Q

1B1 -What are the 3 main parts of computer hardware?

A

CPU, memory, I/O

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25
Q

1B1 -What is the most important task of BIOS firmware?

A

load the computers operating system

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26
Q

1B1 -Why do motherboards contain a small, coin-sized battery?

A

CMOS memory is volatile

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27
Q

1B1 -Where are user-configurable settings modified and saved?

A

EPROM

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28
Q

1B1 -How can ROM be updated?

A

Flashing the ROM

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29
Q

1B1 -What does it mean when we say that ROM is nonvolatile?

A

Code on it is not erased on shutdown

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30
Q

1B1 - ROM is considered ____________________ memory.

A

nonvolatile or permanent

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31
Q

1B1 - The ____________________ is the interface between the CPU and the USB controller.

A

Southbridge

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32
Q

1B1 - Which part of the chipset provides high-speed interface between the CPU and RAM?

A

Northbridge

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33
Q

1B1 - List the 3 most common PC motherboard form factors.

A

Advanced Technology Extended (ATX), MicroATX (μATX) and Information Technology eXtended (ITX)

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34
Q

1B1 - Form factor refers to the _____________ _____________ of the motherboard.

A

physical dimensions

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35
Q

1B1 - The motherboard contains multiple paths of electrical circuits called ________________.

A

buses

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36
Q

1B2 - What is the main job of the CPU?

A

carry out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and I/O operations specified by the instructions

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37
Q

1B2 - List the 3 main structures found inside a CPU

A

Control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and registers

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38
Q

1B2 - The _____________ unit in the CPU manages most computer resources.

A

control

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39
Q

1B2 - Which CPU structure performs math operations on binary integers?

A

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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40
Q

1B2 - Which CPU structure is made of high-speed volatile memory?

A

Register

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41
Q

1B2 - What is the overall purpose of CPU cache memory?

A

Improves computer performance by allowing the CPU to process tasks more quickly

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42
Q

1B2 - Why is CPU Land Grid Array superior to Pin Grid Array?

A

The LGA contact system makes CPU installation much easier and reduces the chance of damage due to mishandling or misalignment

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43
Q

1B3 - What is the difference between main memory and secondary memory?

A

Main memory is RAM, secondary memory is HDDs

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44
Q

1B3 - HDD falls under what storage?

A

magnetic storage

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45
Q

1B3 - SD falls under what storage?

A

solid state storage

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46
Q

1B3 - DVD falls under what storage?

A

optical storage

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47
Q

1B3 - SSD falls under what storage?

A

solid state storage

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48
Q

1B3 - CD-ROM falls under what storage?

A

optical storage

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49
Q

1B3 - What is the most common HDD attachment standard?

A

ATA Advanced Technology Attachment

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50
Q

1B3 - Which common storage device contains spinning platters?

A

Harte disk drives HDD

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51
Q

1B3 - What failure has occurred when HDD read/write head contacts the surface of the platter?

A

Head crash

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52
Q

1B3 - What is the advantage of shingled magnetic recording (SMR)?

A

Store more data on the same space

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53
Q

1B3 - What legacy system gives logical addresses to each block of data on a HDD?

A

Cylinder head sector CHS

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54
Q

1B3 - What is the smallest unit of storage on a HDD disk?

A

Sector = 512 bytes

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55
Q

1B3 - A ________________ is the set of all tracks that the heads are currently located at.

A

Cylinder

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56
Q

1B3 - To make a HDD useful, it must be ____________________ and formatted.

A

(Conditioned) Partitioned

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57
Q

1B3 - A HDD must have at least one _________________ in order to function.

A

Partition

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58
Q

1B3 -What partition types can be created using Master Boot Record (MBR)?

A

Primary and extended

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59
Q

1B3 -Windows must be installed on a ___________ partition.

A

primary

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60
Q

1B3 -What is the maximum number of partitions supported by MBR? _____

A

4

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61
Q

1B3 -How are GTP partitions identified?

A

Random string of characters

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62
Q

1B3 -How many Windows partitions can be created using GPT?

A

128

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63
Q

1B3 -List 2 Windows tools for partitioning a HDD.

A

Diskpart & disk management

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64
Q

1B3 -After partitioning, a HDD must be __________________ with a file system.

A

formatted

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65
Q

1B3 -Which legacy Microsoft file system is very popular for USB flash drives and other portable media?

A

FAT32

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66
Q

1B3 -Which file system has been adopted by the SD Card Association for SD cards larger than 32GB?

A

exFAT

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67
Q

1B3 - What is the only file system that can be used to format a Windows partition?

A

New technology file system NTFS

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68
Q

1B3 -Which advanced feature of NTFS maintains a running record of file changes?

A

journaling

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69
Q

1B3 -How can the NTFS save disk space?

A

compression

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70
Q

1B3 -What does NTFS do about bad sectors on a HDD?

A

Automatically discovers and maps

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71
Q

1B3 -List 3 factors that affect HDD performance.

A

Seek time, access time, RPM, capacity, & interface

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72
Q

1B3 -Where are SAS interface-compatible hard disk drives usually found?

A

servers & enterprise class computers

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73
Q

1B3 -List 3 advantages of a solid-state drive (SSD) over a traditional HDD

A

More resistant to physical shock, are silent, have faster access & read/write times

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74
Q

1B3 -What is the difference between a hybrid drive and a HDD?

A

They combine flash memory and platter based into a single hard drive

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75
Q

1B3 -How is binary data recorded on a compact disc (CD-ROM)?

A

pits and lands

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76
Q

1B3 -How is data read from a DVD disc?

A

650nm red laser

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77
Q

1B3 -Where did the Blu-ray disc get its name?

A

405nm blue-violet laser

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78
Q

1B3 -Which optical disc media holds the most data?

A

blu-ray

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79
Q

1B3 -List 2 advantages of magnetic tape as a storage media.

A

High resistance to physical shock & extremely long data retention shelf-life

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80
Q

1B3 -Why does magnetic tape suffer from lengthy access time?

A

Takes a long time to find the desired data

81
Q

1B3 -What does it mean when we say that flash memory is nonvolatile?

A

It can retain data even with the power off

82
Q

1B3 -List 3 advantages of flash media over other portable storage media.

A

Smaller in size, silent, allows faster access, lighter, & has no moving parts

83
Q

1B4 - Which component allows a computer to “talk” to a monitor?

A

Video cards

84
Q

1B4 -List 4 major components of a video card

A

GPU, VRAM, video BIOS, & RAMDAC

85
Q

1B4 -Which digital display standard can support up to 4 monitors from one video card?

A

Display port

86
Q

1B4 -Every network interface card (NIC) is assigned a unique, 48-bit ____________ address

A

MAC

87
Q

1B4 -List 3 kinds of bound media supported by network interface cards.

A

Fiber, coaxial cable, copper cable, & twisted pair copper cable

88
Q

1B4 - Which layers of the OSI reference model apply to network interface cards?

A

Layer 1 (physical) & layer 2 (data link)

89
Q

1B4 -Which peripheral device is the primary user interface to a computer?

A

Keyboard

90
Q

1B4 -Keyboards communicate with computers using a unique binary pattern called

A

Scan code

91
Q

1B4 -Why does a computer need Input/Output (I/O)?

A

To receive information from the outside world and sends results back

92
Q

1B4 -List 3 hardware devices which can send Interrupt Requests (IRQ) to the CPU

A

Sound cards, modems, and keyboards

93
Q

1B4 -What is the software component of a hardware device called?

A

Device drivers

94
Q

1B4 - What was the original purpose of the USB standard?

A

To make computers easier to use

95
Q

1B4 - The USB _______________________ is part of the motherboard chipset which controls every USB device connected to it.

A

Host controller

96
Q

1B4 -The USB root hub can support up to ______________ connected devices.

A

127

97
Q

1B4 -USB is described an _________________ serial bus

A

Asynchronous

98
Q

1B4 -Which USB device class supports keyboards and mice?

A

03h human interface device HiD

99
Q

1B4 -USB flash drives and external hard drives are supported by the _____________________ device class.

A

08h mass storage class MSC

100
Q

1B4 - What is the purpose of USB Power Delivery Standards (USB PD)?

A

To provide output voltage

101
Q

1B4 -Which expansion device allows connection of a microphone and speakers to a computer?

A

Sound card

102
Q

1B4 -A power supply converts 120V AC power into __________________ for internal components of a computer.

A

Low voltage DC power

103
Q

1B4 -Most computer power supplies conform to the __________________ form factor.

A

ATX

104
Q

1B4 -Power supplies are rated in ________________ based on their maximum output power.

A

Watts

105
Q

1B4 -What does it mean if a PSU has an 80 Plus certification?

A

At least 80% of AC energy input is converted into DC energy, with the other 20% being wasted as heat

106
Q

1B4 -Why are CPUs and graphics processors fitted with heat sinks?

A

Because of the heat generated by the chips

107
Q

1B4 -Heat sinks are made of _______________ which are good conductors of heat.

A

metals

108
Q

1B4 -What is the purpose of thermal compound?

A

To help with thermal conduction between the CPU and heat sink

109
Q

1B4 -Why are CPUs sometimes equipped with fans?

A

To improve cooling

110
Q

1B4 - Which cooling system is more effective than air cooling?

A

Liquid cooling

111
Q

1C -Which publication governs the use of software in the Air Force?

A

DAFMAN 17-1203

112
Q

1C -Which office is responsible for software license management across the entire Air Force?

A

Chief information officer SAF/CN

113
Q

1C -Which Major Command (MAJCOM) is the lead for software license management?

A

ACC

114
Q

1C -Define software:

A

Collection of data or instructions that tell a computer how to work

115
Q

1C -What are the two main categories of software?

A

System software & application software

116
Q

1C -What kind of software does work for users?

A

Application software

117
Q

1C -_________ software interacts directly with computer hardware.

A

System

118
Q

1C - _________ software can be turned on or off by the user while the computer is running.

A

Application

119
Q

1C - _____ is software products that are ready-made and available to the public

A

COTS

120
Q

1C - ________ is an exclusive legal right granted to an author or inventor

A

Copyright

121
Q

1C -What kind of contract defines and limits software use?

A

License agreements

122
Q

1C -Only software that is on the __________ __________ __________ can be used on Air Force networks.

A

Approved Product List

123
Q

1C - All Air Force desktop/laptop software on new computer systems must comply with the _______.

A

SDC

124
Q

1C - Which DoD agency manages USAF software testing and approval?

A

DISA

125
Q

1C - The two main priorities of DoD software testing labs are ______________ and ______________ .

A

Cybersecurity and interoperability

126
Q

2A - What are the 2 main components of a computer?

A

Hardware and software

127
Q

2A -Software consists of ____________ of ___________ written in a programming language.

A

Lines of code

128
Q

2A -An operating system is an example of _______________ software.

A

System

129
Q

2A -List 3 features a modern operating system is expected to provide

A

GUI, command prompt, security, file system, networking, update, kernel, & program execution

130
Q

2A -The kernel is the _____________ of an operating system.

A

very core

131
Q

2A - The primary responsibility of the OS kernel is _______________ _________________.

A

Resource management

132
Q

2A - List 2 common methods of OS user interface.

A

File system and command prompt

133
Q

2A -Which feature of an operating system prevents unauthorized configuration changes?

A

Security

134
Q

2A -The OS __________ ____________ provides a search function to make files easy to find.

A

File system

135
Q

2A -BIOS consists of lines of code called

A

Firmware

136
Q

2A -What is the fundamental purpose of BIOS?

A

Turn computer over to a operating system

137
Q

2A -Microsoft Windows 10 OS is based on the _____________________________ kernel.

A

new technology

138
Q

2A -What prevents the user from viewing or modifying the Windows OS code?

A

EULA

139
Q

2A -Which operating system was developed at Bell Labs Research Center in the 1970s?

A

Linux

140
Q

2A -Which UNIX-like OS was developed by Apple Inc.?

A

MacOS

141
Q

2A -Which free and open-source OS was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991?

A

Linux kernel

142
Q

2A -Where are Linux-based operating systems most often used?

A

Internet infrastructure, cloud servers, & public/private data centers

143
Q

2A -Which OS is most popular for desktop and laptop personal computers worldwide?

A

Windows

144
Q

2A -Which devices use Chrome OS?

A

Chromebook Laptops

145
Q

2A -What is the primary user interface of Chrome OS?

A

Chrome web browser

146
Q

2A - Chrome OS is based on the _____________ kernel.

A

Linux

147
Q

2A - How does Chrome OS use the Google Cloud?

A

User data and applications are based in the cloud

148
Q

2B - A modern smartphone is a small, general-purpose wireless client computer. (True/False)

A

True

149
Q

2B - What is the primary user interface of a mobile device?

A

Touchscreen

150
Q

2B -List four characteristics which define a mobile device.

A

Handheld, uses mobileOS, touchscreen, uses wireless

151
Q

2B -List three examples of mobile devices.

A

Smartphones, tablet computers, intermediate sized devices

152
Q

2B -List the two most common mobile device operating systems

A

iOS & Android

153
Q

2B -The iOS user interface is based on _______________ _______________.

A

Direct Manipulation

154
Q

2B - _________ OS was originally intended for use on digital cameras.

A

Android

155
Q

2B - Android OS is _______________ _______________, meaning it can be freely copied & distributed by anyone.

A

Open Source

156
Q

2B - Which mobile OS allows applications only from one single, centralized source?

A

iOS

157
Q

2B - Android OS is based on the _______________ kernel.

A

Linux

158
Q

2B - Which mobile OS is used in many different products including smart TVs, cars, and home automation systems?

A

Android

159
Q

2B - ______ OS permits user-directed installation of applications from many different sources

A

Android

160
Q

2B - ______ is the most widely deployed OS in the world

A

Android

161
Q

2B - Why are smartphones a special security concern in DoD environments?

A

Frequently lost or stolen, wireless connectivity makes them prone to compromise. Integrated radios provide multiple avenues for security/privacy compromise, & many apps do not undergo testing for security flaws

162
Q

2C - Client software includes _______________________ that do real work for users.

A

Applications

163
Q

2C - What is the difference between Microsoft SharePoint Standard and SharePoint Enterprise?

A

Share point standard is hosted on the cloud, share point enterprise is hosted on the customers own server

164
Q

2C -Which Microsoft web browser is a replacement for Internet Explorer?

A

Edge

165
Q

2C -Which Microsoft web browser is no longer supported and has effectively reached end of life?

A

Internet Explorer

166
Q

2C - Which web browser offers full integration with the Cortana Personal Assistant included in Windows?

A

Edge

167
Q

2C - Which platforms support Google’s Chrome web browser?

A

Windows, macOS, android, iOS, & Linux

168
Q

2C -What tasks can users do with the Adobe Reader freeware application?

A

Viewing, printing, & annotating

169
Q

2C -What file type encapsulates a document as an image?

A

Adobe acrobat

170
Q

2C - List 3 services that McAfee LLC provides to the Department of Defense.

A

Continuous diagnostics and mitigation, cybersecurity as a service, & endpoint protection

171
Q

4A - What is software piracy?

A

Unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted software

172
Q

4A - When you purchase a copy of licensed software, you become the owner of that software. (True/False)

A

False

173
Q

4A - Installing software on a server that doesn’t limit user access is an example of ____________________ piracy.

A

Corporate or end user

174
Q

4A -A user who disables the copy protection features of licensed software is engaging in ____________________ piracy.

A

Internet

175
Q

4A - According to DAFMAN 17-1203, who is ultimately responsible for preventing software piracy in the Air Force?

A

Chief information officer SAF/CN

176
Q

4A - Who is responsible for appointing Base Software License Managers (BSLMs) for all software on an installation?

A

Host or tenant accountable property officer (APO)

177
Q

4A - Who certifies that the Base Software License Manager (BSLM) has conducted an annual inventory of all software on an installation?

A

Host or tenant accountable property officer (APO)

178
Q

4A - What is the BSLM primary control measure for preventing software piracy?

A

Careful management of software licenses

179
Q

4A - Under US law software piracy is considered a form of

A

Copyright Infringment

180
Q

4A - What are the maximum civil court penalties for software piracy?

A

$150,000 per violation

181
Q

4A - What are the possible criminal penalties for software piracy? List two:

A

5 years in jail & up to 250,000

182
Q

4B - Ethical use means that Air Force communications systems, email, Internet, and commercial systems paid for by the government are for _________________ use and ________________ purposes only.

A

Official
Authorized

183
Q

4B - List two kinds of Official Use communications.

A

Emergency communication & communications the DoD component determine are necessary

184
Q

4B - Official use of government communications systems includes communications for morale and welfare of deployed military members. (True/False)

A

True

185
Q

4B - While traveling on official government business DoD employees are never authorized to contact family members using Air Force communications devices. (True/False)

A

False

186
Q

4B -While traveling overseas an NCO receives an urgent email about a fundraising effort for a young child in America who has cancer. He uses his Air Force issued smartphone to forward the email to his family and friends. This is an authorized purpose because it is a matter of life and death. (True/False)

A

False

187
Q

4B - A deployed Air Force officer uses his government issued laptop to send payment to his plumber to do emergency work at his house. The officer is not in trouble because this is an authorized purpose. (True/False)

A

True

188
Q

4B - While using the Internet on a Federal Government system, what items of information are recorded by the government?

A

Name and computer address of the DoD employee

189
Q

4B -All Federal Government communication systems are secure enough to process classified information without any special requirements. (True/False)

A

False

190
Q

4B -What conditions must be met for a DoD employee to transmit classified information over any communications system?

A

Transmitted using approved security procedure and practices

191
Q

5A -List 3 alternatives to a clean install of Windows.

A

Windows autopilot, network boot, & disk clone

192
Q

5A -Which OS installation method requires the most time and labor?

A

Clean install

193
Q

5A - Which OS installation method makes an exact copy of Windows and all files & applications onto another disk drive?

A

Disk clone

194
Q

5A - List two ways to obtain Windows installation media.

A

Commercially purchased & download of windows .iso file

195
Q

5A -List three possible ways to obtain a Windows activation key.

A

Supplied with your purchased DVD or flash media, already associated with your computer, & digital entitlement

196
Q

5A -What is meant by digital entitlement to an activation key?

A

Free upgrade of existing OS

197
Q

5A -The Windows activation key may already be associated with your hardware. (True/False)

A

True

198
Q

5A -When performing a clean install of Windows why is it necessary to change the CMOS boot device priority?

A

To pick what media the OS is coming from

199
Q

5A - Windows installation media can’t be used to partition or format a blank hard disk drive. (True/False)

A

False