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Block 2 > 2A > Flashcards

2A Flashcards

1
Q

A computer is composed of two main components:

A

hardware and software

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2
Q

Hardware is defined as what?

A

The physical part of the computer which does the work

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3
Q

Software is defined as what?

A

Software is a collection of data or instructions that tell the computer how to work

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4
Q

Software consists of lines of code written in one
of many programming languages. As such, it is easily _____ ___ _____.

A

easily modified as needed

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5
Q

A ____ ____ ____ is an example of hardware

A

Hard disk drive (HDD)

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6
Q

The file system and device drivers that make the hard disk drive useful are examples of ________.

A

software

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7
Q

A computer OS is an example of ______ _______.

A

system software

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8
Q

An operating system provides a platform for application software to run. It also provides the necessary _________ and ______ to make the
computer hardware operate.

A

instructions and drivers

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9
Q

Because the operating system is the bridge between the human user
and the computer hardware it determines the…?

A

quality of the overall user experience

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10
Q

What are the features expected of a modern OS?

A

GUI, command prompt, security, file system, networking, update, kernel, program execution

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11
Q

What does GUI stand for?

A

Graphical User Interface

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12
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

This is the desktop environment, window manager, language, icon set, character set, fonts, theme, task bar, application menu, etc., which the user directly interacts with via mouse, keyboard, and/or touch screen.

A

GUI

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13
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

This allows the user to input text-only commands to the computer with a keyboard.

A

Command Prompt

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14
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

The operating system uses password protection, file encryption, and limited privileges (user vs administrator) to control access to data and prevent unauthorized configuration changes.

A

Security

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15
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

The OS provides an orderly system for organizing data files within directories, subdirectories, folders, and so on. It also segregates user files from system files. Additionally, the OS expected to provide some sort of search function to make files and folders easy for users to locate as well as a GUI to make the file system easy for the user to navigate.

A

File System

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16
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

The OS is expected to provide network connectivity by incorporating all standard networking protocols (Ethernet, TCP/IP, etc.) as well as a suitable GUI for the user to configure and manage network connections

A

Networking

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17
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

Every modern OS provides a built-in mechanism to keep itself patched and up-to-date, typically over a network connection. Via a suitable GUI, the user can configure updates to occur automatically, or the user may retain full control of the update process.

A

Update

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18
Q

The ______ is the very core of the OS and loads first when the OS starts up.

A

kernel

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19
Q

The kernel provides the most basic level of ______ over all the computer’s hardware devices.

A

control

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20
Q

The primary responsibility of the kernel is computer resource management including:

A
  1. CPU control and access. The kernel decides which of the many running programs should be allocated to the CPU for processing at any given time.
  2. RAM allocation and access. The kernel allocates memory (RAM) to running programs.
  3. Input/Output (I/O) devices. I/O devices include disk drives, keyboard, printer, mouse, network adapters (NIC), and display hardware.
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21
Q

Which feature of the OS is the following describing?

The OS provides a compatible environment for user applications to run. The OS provides a connection between applications and hardware and acts as a bridge between applications and users.

A

Program Execution

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22
Q

What is the difference between the BIOS and the Operating System?

A

BIOS consists of lines of code called firmware. Firmware provides only the most basic hardware functionality, such as having a video display during boot, whereas software drivers can take full advantage of
hardware capabilities.

23
Q

BIOS consists of lines of code called _________, which is necessary to wake up the computer when it is first booted.

A

firmware

24
Q

The ____ menu provides a user interface which allows the
user to adjust hardware settings, system time & date, boot priority, etc.

A

CMOS

25
Q

The fundamental purpose of BIOS is to turn the computer over to an ______ ______ as soon as it is capable of booting.

A

operating system

26
Q

Firmware is a kind of ________.

A

software

27
Q

Firmware differs from other kinds of software because it is
normally…?

A

very small programs stored on a ROM chip

28
Q

Firmware is ______ updated while software is ________ updated.

A

seldom
regularly

29
Q

The General Motors Corporation developed the first operating system in ____ for an IBM mainframe computer.

A

1956

30
Q

What are some examples of available Operating Systems?

A

Windows, UNIX , MacOS, Linux, and ChromeOS

31
Q

Windows refers to a lengthy product line of multitasking, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by the __________ Corporation.

A

Microsoft

32
Q

Microsoft Windows first release was version 1.0 in _____.

A

1985

33
Q

Early versions of Windows were just a graphical shell on top of an older OS called ______ to hide the command prompt.

A

MSDOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

34
Q

Windows 10 and Windows 11 (and every version since Windows 2000) are based on the __________ kernel and as such, is no longer
dependent on MSDOS.

A

NT (New Technology)

35
Q

Windows is the proprietary and _____-______ property of the Microsoft Corporation.

A

closed-source

36
Q

Restrictive licensing and legally binding ___-____ _______ __________ make it illegal to modify, improve, or even view the source code.

A

end-user license agreements (EULA)

37
Q

In 2020, about 87% of personal computers and 50% of
server computers worldwide were running some version of Windows, making it by far the most _________ OS on those two platforms.

A

popular

38
Q

Unix is a family of multitasking operating systems derived from the original AT&T UNIX developed in the 1970s at ____ _____ _____ ______.

A

Bell Labs Research Center

39
Q

Originally intended for internal corporate use only, various licensing agreements have allowed _____ to branch off into commercial,
academic, and home-use versions.

A

UNIX

40
Q

UNIX is the _______ of the majority of operating systems in use today.

A

parent

41
Q

The most popular versions of UNIX are free and open source, this means what?

A

meaning the source code can be modified or improved by anyone to suit a particular purpose.

42
Q

UNIX is rarely used on personal computers, but it is still popular for its original purpose as a development environment for ______ ________. UNIX is also found on embedded devices, supercomputers, game consoles, enterprise servers, routers, and other network infrastructures.

A

computer programmers

43
Q

MacOS (previously Mac OS X and OS X) is a family of graphical, UNIX-like, multiuser and multitasking operating systems developed and marketed by _____.

A

Apple Inc

44
Q

________ is the second most widely used desktop OS after Microsoft Windows.

A

MacOS

45
Q

The macOS kernel, named _______, is open source.

A

Darwin

46
Q

What parts of the MacOS are proprietary and closed source?

A

the GUI, window manager, and other desktop tools that give
MacOS its distinctive look & feel

47
Q

Strictly speaking, Linux is only a _______, not an OS.

A

kernel

48
Q

Finnish programmer _____ ________ created the Linux kernel in 1991.

A

Linus Torvalds

49
Q

In 2020 all the World’s top 500 supercomputers use _______.

A

Linux

50
Q

Android OS (based on the Linux kernel) has __% of the mobile device market worldwide as of 2019.

A

87%

51
Q

Linux is not very popular for desktop and laptop computers, with the notable exception of _______ laptops which all use ______ OS.

A

Chromebook
Chrome

52
Q

Chrome OS is an open-source, UNIX-like operating system based on the Linux kernel and developed by _________.

A

Google

53
Q

Chrome OS is designed so that both user data and applications are based in the _______.

A

cloud

54
Q

Chrome OS includes an integrated ______ and _______.

A

file manager and media player

Block 2 (10 decks)

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