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Endocrine System > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major link between the endocrine system and the nervous system

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

what gland regulates the activity of the endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

whats the stalk like structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

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4
Q

what connects the capillaries in the hypothalamus to capillaries in the anterior pituitary

A

hypophyseal portal veins

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5
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone stimulates what hormones

A

HGH & IGF

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6
Q

hGH promotes the synthesis and secretion of what hormones

A

IGF

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7
Q

what stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

A

TSH

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8
Q

what initiates the development of the ovarian follicles

A

FSH

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9
Q

what causes constriction of the arterioles thus causing an increase in BP

A

ADH

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10
Q

whats the butterfly shaped gland located just below thw larynx

A

thyroid gland

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11
Q

what cells produce the two thyroid hormones

A

follicular

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12
Q

what are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland

A

T3 and T4

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13
Q

what does thyroid hormones increase

A

basal metabolic rate

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14
Q

what hormone also stimulates protein synthesis, increase the use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production

A

thyroid hormones

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15
Q

calcitonin is produced by what cells in the thyroid gland

A

parafollicular

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16
Q

small round masses of glandular tissue that are partially embedded in the poster surface of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid gland

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17
Q

what cells in the parathyroid gland release PTH

A

chief cells

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18
Q

PTH is the major regulator of what levels in the blood

A

calcium

magnesium

phosphate

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19
Q

what gland promotes the formation of the hormone calcitrol

A

parathyroid gland

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20
Q

what fictions does the pancreas have

A

endocrine

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21
Q

pancreas of alpha cells secretes what

A

glucagon

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22
Q

alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon is stimulated by what ANS system

A

sympathetic

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23
Q

beta cells secrete what hormones

A

insulin

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24
Q

beta cells secrete the hormone insulin is stimulated by what ANS system

A

parasympathetic

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25
Q

what are the three zones of the adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

26
Q

what hormone does the zona glomerulos secrete

A

aldestrone

27
Q

what hormone does the zona fasciculata release

A

cortisol

28
Q

what zona reticularis release

A

androgens

29
Q

what are conditions that initiate the renin angiotensin aldostrone pathway

A

deyhydration

sodium deficiency

hemorrhage

30
Q

what are the hormones produced by the ovaries

A

estrogen

progesterone

31
Q

besides estrogen and progesterone what else do the ovaries produce

A

inhibin

32
Q

inhibin inhibits the secretion of what

A

FSH

33
Q

where is the pineal gland located

A

roof of the 3rd ventricle midline

34
Q

what contributes to setting the body’s biological clock

A

melatonin

35
Q

a decrease in HGH causes what

A

muscle atrophy

36
Q

decrease in thyroid hormones cause what

A

decrease in BMR

increase body fat

hypothyrodism

37
Q

in the second stage what effects does cortisol have

A

stimulates release of glucose by the liver,

breakdown of tryglycerides

38
Q

what effects does prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol have on the body in the exhaustion phase

A

wasting of muscles

suppression of immune system

ulceration of GI tract

failure of pancreatic beta cells

39
Q

what are the two types of hypoglycemia

A

fasting

postprandial

40
Q

what are sx of postprandial hypoglycemia

A

sweating

palpations

anxiety

tremulousness

confusion

agitation

41
Q

at what values does hypoglycemia begin to show sx

A

60mg/dL

42
Q

at what value does hypoglycemia begin to impair brain function

A

50mg/dL

43
Q

prediabetes has what lab value

A

100 -125 mg/dL

44
Q

what are risk factors for prediabetes

A

Family Hx

obesity

Diet

physical inactivity

race

45
Q

what type of Sx will prediabetics have

A

asymptomatic

46
Q

why could a patient show pre diabetic lab values

A

non fasting serum glucose obtained

47
Q

what medications could cause prediabetes

A

corticosteroids

antibiotics

betabockers

psych meds

thiazide diuretics

48
Q

what is the treatment for prediabetes

A

weight loss

metformin

49
Q

what is a s/s diabetes

A

polyuria

polydipsia

50
Q

what is the lab value for diabetes 1 & 2

A

126mg/dL

51
Q

diabetics have a higher chance of what type of GU infection

A

candidal vaginitis

52
Q

what will be present in type 1 diabetes UA

A

glucosuria

ketonemia

ketonuria

53
Q

what are complications of type 1 diabetes

A

neuropathy

nepropathy

heart dosease

ophthalmology

diabetic cataracts

diabetic retionpathy

54
Q

is ketonurea and weight loss common at time of type 2 diabetes Dx

A
55
Q

what will be present in UA dipstick for type 2 diabetes

A

glucosuria

56
Q

mothers with gestational diabetes who go untreated by give birth to what type of children

A

macrosomia (high birth weight)

57
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis will have what glucose lab value

A

hyperglycemia >250mg/dL

58
Q

what are clinical finding for DKA

A

rapid breathing

fruity breath

hypotension

tachycardia

59
Q

whats the initial management of DKA

A

volume repletion

60
Q

DKA pt glucose should be maintained at what

A

200-300mg/dL

Endocrine System (3 decks)

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