Review Questions Flashcards
Mateo recently moved into a house that is two blocks from a set of very busy train tracks. When he first moves in, he hears the trains every time they blow their horns, and it distracts him from his work. Over time, he barely notices when the trains go by. This is an example of what?
Habituation
Growing up, Aurelia was rewarded for doing the grocery shopping for her mom. Now, Aurelia loves to go grocery shopping, but she doesn’t really like shopping for other things like clothes or household goods. This is an example of what concept?
Stimulus Discrimination
Jamel has recently taken an interest in basketball, and each evening after dinner, his brother goes out in the driveway to shoot baskets with him and encourage him. Because Jamel looks up to his brother and enjoys spending time with him, he continues to practice basketball. This is an example of what concept?
Positive Reinforcement
Nora is a shy student who has recently moved from another city. Her classmates play a game she’s never played before at recess. She quietly watches them the first couple days to learn the rules. She understands that when someone hits the ball, they run around the bases. When she is invited to play, she hits the ball and runs around the bases. What type of learning did Nora use?
Modeling
Han wants to learn about anatomy. He buys an anatomy book and decides to make flashcards with the different parts of the body and their descriptions. What step of PQ4R is Han using?
Recite
What happens when the behavior is followed by the removal of something negative to the animal, which increases the chance of the behavior?
Negative Reinforcement
What is the teaching of concepts and skills through verbal explanation or instruction?
Tutelage
Little Albert began to show fear toward other furry objects, including the rabbit and dog after he learned to fear the rat. This is an example of which of the following?
Stimulus Generalization
Classical conditioning is also referred to as which of the following?
Pavlovian Conditioning
In the case of Pavlov’s dogs, the conditioned response was which of the following?
Salvation at the sound of the bell
Kayla decides to stop by the grocery store on the way home from work. In the car on the way to the store, she tries to form a grocery list in her head by grouping the items she wants to buy into categories, such as grouping yellow onion, broccoli, and lemons into “produce” and butter, milk, and cheese into “dairy.” Kayla is using what memory technique to remember the items on her list?
Chunking
Gabriel and Darryl are in the middle of cleaning their house. Gabriel drew the short straw and is cleaning the bathroom. The grout around the bathtub has become mildewed in places, and it’s old and needs replaced. Gabriel is trying to recall the steps for replacing grout to estimate how much time it would take and what he’d need to do it. What type of memory is Gabriel using?
Procedural
Caroline and Jake get in a fight on their first-year anniversary. During the fight, Caroline accuses Jake of interrupting and speaking over her when they are out with friends. Jake angrily denies this. Later when he mentions this accusation to their two closest friends, Debra and Andrew, they both gently remind Jake that he has, in fact, several times in their presence interrupted Caroline in the way she describes. They give him several recent examples, which when they mention them Jake remembers clearly. What is the MOST likely reason Jake didn’t recall interrupting Caroline in the past?
Emotions
The fact that the last items on a list are remembered better than the middle ones is known as which of the following?
Recency Effect
Often, in order to retrieve a memory, we need which of the following?
Cue
Which ways can our brains preserve information?
Visual, Auditory, and Verbal
Sensory registers keep information for about how long?
1 second
The three main stages to the memory process are:
encoding, storage, and retrieval
Chunking is a strategy that involves doing what?
Grouping Items in a meaningful way
Misattribution happens when we remember something, but fail to remember the source of the information.
True
Jean has sampled the water from homes on State Street, and she has learned that every home on State Street has lead in the water. Later that night, Jean meets George at a party, and he tells her that he lives on State Street. Jean then tells George that his water has lead in it. What type of reasoning is Jean using?
deductive reasoning
Julio interviewed for a management position, and he was pleased with his performance in the interview; he believed he answered all the questions. After the interview, Nancy, one of the executives, told Julio that it was obvious that Julio did not want the job, and he should not have wasted their time. What is the MOST likely reason Nancy said this?
Julio slouched and avoided eye contact throughout the interview (body language)
Sanjay noticed that his sister Mita was searching for something in the house. Mita told Sanjay, “I’m searching for a ring.” Sanjay knew that his sister had rings for jewelry as well as ring toys for their dog. Why did this sentence confuse Sanjay?
Semantics (Rings has two different meanings)
Prototypes rely on which of the following?
Similarities
Which of the following is an example of counting up the number of people on your softball team and compared that number to the number of seats available in several vehicles so that you knew how many cars you needed to take in order to get everyone there?
Algorithims
Mental models help us do what to understand the way things work?
Describe, Predict, and Explain
We are constantly making decisions, even if many of the choices are unconscious ones.
True
Which of the following are the smallest units of sounds that make up speech?
Phonemes
Syntax is the system in a given language for generating acceptable utterances and for identifying those that are not acceptable.
False (Grammar)
An example of a morpheme?
Words, Prefix, and Suffix
Mary has a customer service job and is unhappy with her recent job performance review. She decided that she would display her unhappiness by deflating her supervisor’s tires during her lunch break. Which of the following BEST describes Mary’s actions in relation to her intelligence?
Low emotional Intelligence
Maria and Juan, both in their 30s, were siblings who were raised in two different households. Maria was raised in a middle-class home while Juan was raised in a home where money was scarce. If Maria and Juan were to take intelligence tests, what is the MOST likely to be true about their scores?
They will have comparably scores because they are genetically related.
