Review of the Cell

Question 1

Cell comes from the latin word,

_____, meaning “small room”

Answer 1

cella

Question 2

The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all
known living organisms.
Smallest unit of life- the “building blocks of life”
Named by Robert Hooke (1635-1703) of England

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

cell was Originally called “______’ or little animals by Anton
van Leeuwenhock (1632- 1723) who developed the first
microscope

Answer 3

animalcules

Question 4

Characteristics of Living Cell

Answer 4

1. Self-feeding or nutrition. The capacity to take up and use chemicals from the environment and transform these chemicals into usable products, including energy to grow or survive.
2. self-replicating or growth. The capacity to self-direct synthesis, growing by division, forming two cells from one
3. Differentiation. The capacity to undergo a change in form or function, often in response to environmental changes
   or normal growth processes.
4. Chemical signaling. The capacity to interact with other cells through chemical signals.
5. Evolution. The capacity to change genetically, which may affect the overall fitness of the cell to survive in a particular environment.

Question 5

For a cell to reproduce itself:

Answer 5

1. energy
2. precursors to the synthesis of new macromolecules.
3. genetic instructions must be replicated and genes must be expressed to produce proteins and other macromolecules.

Question 6

Typically much larger than
those of prokaryotes
~~ Contains a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus that houses the cells DNA or
genetic material.
The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name,
which comes from the Greek word “eu” (well or true)
and “karyon” (nut or kernel)

Answer 6

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 7

1. lacks cell wall
2. smaller vacoules
3. lacks choloroplast

Answer 7

animal cell

Question 8

Lacks membrane-bound organelles such as nucleus.
~ The word prokaryote comes form the Greek work “pro”
(before) and “karyon” (nut or kernel).
~ The first forms of life on earth.
~ Simpler and smaller that eukaryotic cells.
= Size ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 um in
diameter.

Answer 8

prokaryotic cell

Question 9

cell’s brain

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

cell’s pipe system

System of metabolic processes (smooth ER), protein manufacturing ribosomes (rough ER)

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

tags vesicles and proteins to help them get carried to their correct destinations.
cells delivery center

Answer 11

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Cell’s anchor

Organizes and produces the microtubules of the cells cytoskeleton

Answer 12

centrosome

Question 13

Produce energy for the cell, break down carbohydrates and some Durations lipids to form molecule ATP

Answer 13

Mitochondria Cells powerplant

Question 14

Vesicles filled with digestive proteins, can absorb something and break it down into recyclable pieces.

Answer 14

lysosome - cells stomach

Question 15

cells firemen

Answer 15

peroxisome - Vesicles that defend (or neutralize) the cell from free radicals

Question 16

it modifies the cell’s shape and ensures mechanical resistance
to deformation

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton - cell shapeshifter

Question 17

Enclosed storage vessels which are filled with water

containing inorganic and organic molecules

Answer 17

cells compartments - vacuole

Question 18

Cell’s fortification

Answer 18

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment - cell membrane

Question 19

Cell’s environment

Answer 19

Fluid part enclosed by the membrane, contains organelles

Cytoplasm

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

cell factory - translate RNA into proteins.

Question 21

protists, archaea, bacteria

Answer 21

prokaryotes

Question 22

animal, fungi, plants

Answer 22

eukaryotes