Review of Tenses Flashcards
Present Simple:
General truths and facts
Regular and habitual events
Instructions and directions
running commentaries
Timetables and plans
Headlines
What’s the best part of your job?
Do you like the people you work with?
OK, HOW ABOUT taking that and that away? So it still looks interesting, but less busy.
Present Continuous:
Events at the time of speaking
Temporary states
Repeated temporary events
Change
Regular unplanned events
Plans and arrangements
I’m finishing the Moosh Monkey social media campaign and they’re expecting it by the end of the day.
I’m taking my niece to the cinema for her birthday.
Past Simple:
Finished actions, states, or habits in the past.
- with yesterday, last week…
- when we know that the time period is finished, by general knowledge.
- with present perfect, as details of news.
- stories or list of events, past for the action and past continuous for the background.
I went to the cinema yesterday.
Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa.
I’ve hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was painting my bedroom.
I went to a café. People were chatting and music was playing.
I wanted to ask you, where in Spain are you from?
I used to live in Spain and I absolutely loved it.
Past continuous:
- An action in the past that overlaps another.
- a background of a story.
- temporary habits in the past, with always, constantly, forever. (annoyed).
I was walking to the station when I met John.
The birds were singing, the sun was shining, and the people were chatting and laughing in the café. Amy sat down and took out her phone.
He was always leaving the tap running.
Present Perfect: the time started in the past and continues till the present.
We use Present Perfect with this markers of time:
recently, yet, already, just, still, ever, never, for, since.
We are interested in the result of the activity.
I’ve worked in the company for 4 years.
The ceiling has been painted.
Breaking your leg was the best thing that could have happened.
Haven’t you got any hobbies?
Paul, have you got a minute? I need a favour.
I haven’t got any plans.
Present Perfect Continuous:
I’ve been working
I haven’t been working
Have I been working?
We are interested in the activity. The action has not finished yet. The action is a result.
What have you been doing?
Their clothes are covered with paint. They have been painting the ceiling.
I’ve been setting aside time.
I shouldn’t have been running.
I should have been paying attention.
How long have you been doing this course?
How much chocolate have you eaten this week?
How many books have you read last month?
How many times have you been to São Paulo this week?
I have been doing, living, sleeping, hiding, setting, watching, searching. listening.
Focus on the activity.
Past Perfect: The PAST of the PAST.
I had seen this history many times.
The event started before another event in the Past too.
I was sad when I sold my car. I had had it for a long time.
We were good friends. We had known each other for years.
I’d forgotten about that.
Past Perfect Continuous:
Action that started in the Past and continuous up to a point in the past.
Is the action which is the cause of another in the past, too.
Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She had been running. (focus on the activity, first she run and she get out of breath).
We were exhausted at the end of our trip. We had been travelling for more than 24 hours. (travelling is the cause of the tiredness).
Future
Will = decided to do something at the time of speaking
Be going to = have already decided to do something (arrangement)
Offering
Agreeing
Promising
Give and ask for information about the future.
Conclusion about the situation of the moment: Be going to.
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
Prediction: Will
I’ll have a party next week.
Sara is going to have a party next week and invited us.
That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you.
Can you give Paul this book, please?
Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this afternoon.
Thanks for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back.
Christmas day will be on Friday this year.
Will all the family be there?
In 2030 most people will work from home.
I’ll see you tomorrow.
What a mess. I’ll help you.
Maybe we’ll see each other later. I’ll call you.
I’ve just remembered something. I’ll need your help tomorrow.
I’ve bought my ticket to New York. I’m going to stay in a hotel near Central Park.
I’ll make it up to you!
Going to = to talk about things we’ve decided to do in the future.
Will = to make promises, offers, predictions, give information
Future continuous = Will Be travelling, actions in progress in the future.
Future perfect simple = will have done, talk about actions completed in the future.
Present Simple = to talk about schedule or timetable.
Future Perfect Continuous = Will have been travelling, to say how long actions will have been in progress in the future.
Future Perfect Simple = Will have gone, won’t have gone, Will I have gone?
To talk about actions that will be completed before a specific time in the future.
The time period is given by:
By, by the time, in, in a day’s time, in two months’ time.
The guests are coming at 8 p.m. I’ll have finished cooking by then.
On 9 October, we’ll have been married for 50 years.
Will you have gone to bed by the time I get back?
Future Present Continuous = Will have been studying
To talk about how long for an action will continue in the future.
In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years.
By the time you arrive, I’ll have been cooking for hours!
On Tuesday, I will have been working here for one year.
base form past simple -ed
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
build build built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
dig dug dug
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leant/leaned leant/leaned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
quit quit quit
read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
spread spread spread
speed sped sped
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank stunk
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
Anglo-saxon
Norman French
chicken
poultry
cow
beef
calf
veal
pig
pork
sheep
mouton
meal
repast
board
table
eat
dine
talk/speak
lecture
dish
plate
die
expire
dog
canine
fall
cascade
funny
comical
ship
vessel
spit
expectorate
sweat
perspire
kingly
royal
Present Perfect
1) Something HAS HAPPENED, it is usually new information:
Ow, I’ve cut my finger.
The road is closed. There’s been an accident.
2) the action in the past has a result now.
Tom ‘s lost his key. (he doesn’t have the keys now).
Sally is still here. She hasn’t gone out. (she is here now).
Sally can’t find her bag. Have you seen it? (Do you know where is it now?)
3) GONE X BEEN
James is on holiday. He’s gone to Italy. (he is there now).
Amy is back now. She’s been to Italy. (she is at home now).
4) This is the first time it has happened. (not happens).
This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives).
he hasn’t driven a car before.
He has never driven a car before.
Sarah has lost her passport again. It is the second time this has happened. (not happens).
Andie is phoning his girlfriend again. It’s the third time he’s phoned her this evening.
I’ve just been to the shops. I’ve bought a lot of things.
Tom has just gone out. He will be back in about an hour.
Alice isn’t there at the moment. I don’t know where she’s gone.
You’re very late. Where have you been? (you are now there).
Present Perfect Continuous:
1) use for an activity that has JUST STOPPED or RECENTLY stopped.
Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard.
Why are you so tired? What have you been doing?
I’ve been talking to Amanda and she agrees with me.
Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you.
2) The activity is still happening or has just stopped.
Chris hasn’t feeling well recently.
3) For repeated actions:
Sylvia is a very good tennis player. She’s been playing tennis since she was eight.
1) It is (present) + long time + since something happened.
It is ages since I saw her.
2) it has been + six months, etc + since something happened.
It has been ages since I saw her.
Present Perfect Continuous X Present Perfect:
Continuous: we think of the activity, it doesn’t matter if the activity is finished or not.
There is paint on Beth’s clothes. She’s been painting her bedroom.
Simple: the action has finished already but the consequences are in the present. It’s a completed action.
the bedroom was green now is yellow. She has painted the bedroom.
Present Perfect X Past Simple:
Present Perfect is a PRESENT tense, it tells about the situation now. PAST we use for things that aren’t recent or new.
Tom is looking for his keys. He can’t find it.
He has lost his keys. This means that he doesn’t have his keys now.
Now Tom has found his keys. He has it now.
Has he lost his keys? No, he has found it.
Did he lose his keys? yes, he did.
He lost his keys but now he has found it.
Tom lost his keys. We don’t know if he has the keys or not now.
EX:
Somebody has invented a new type of washing machine.
Who invented the telephone?
Use Present Perfect to give the new information, but if we continue to talk about it, we use PAST.
Ow! I’ve burnt myself.
How did you do it?
I picked up a hot dish.
Use PAST to ask: WHEN or WHAT TIME?
When did your friends arrive?
What time did you finish work?
