Review of Pathophysiology Flashcards
Gonads functions
Production of germ cells
Secrete sex hormones
Ovary
Female reproductive organ
Ovum
Female reproductive cell
Testicle
Male reproductive organ
Sperm
Male reproductive cell
Gonadotropins
Regulated by hypothalmic GnRH
FSH
LH
FSH - females
Regulates ovarian follicle development
Stimulates ovarian estrogen production
FSH - males
Stimulates seminiferous tubule development
Regulates spermatogenesis
LH - females
Mediates ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum
LH - males
induces Leydig cell testosterone syntheses and secretion
Penis
Made up of erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum)
Urethra
Connect urinary bladder to external genitalia
Scrotum
Contains testes and epididymis Regulates temp (89.6)
Testes
Site of spermatogenesis and sex hormone production
Epididymis
Ducts in the testes that store sperm during the maturation process
Vas deferens
Connects epididymis to urethra
Prostate
Surrounds the urethra (under the bladder)
Secretes a milky fluid that contributes to the bulk of semen
Seminal vesicle
Gland on base of bladder
Empty secretions into ejaculatory duct during emission and ejaculation
Testosterone synthesis
From cholesterol in the Leydig cells
Pathway of testosterone
Hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - LH - testes - testosterone
Functions of testosterone
Embryonic development
Puberty
Sperm production, stimulation of libido, maintenance of muscle and bone mass
Erection
Parasympathetic nerve impulses
Vasodilators in erections
NO
cCMP
Emission
Movement of semen into urethra
Ejaculation
Propulsion of semen from urethra at time of orgasm
Fimbriae
Fingerlike projections on the fallopian tubes
Move oocyte down uterine cavity
Naturally occurring estrogens
Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol
Synthesis of estrogens
Hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - FSH - estrogens
Pre-menopausal sources of estrogen
Ovaries
Adrenal gland
Adipose tissue
Post-menopausal sources of estrogen
Adipose tissue
Adrenal gland
Estrogen functions
Sex organ development, puberty, pregnancy maintenance, prevents osteoporosis, enhance coagulability
Prevention of osteoporosis by estrogen
Inhibits stimulatory effects of certain cytokines on osteoclasts
Secretion of progesterone
Ovaries
Functions of progesterone
Puberty (gland development), Slows GnRH pulse frequency, pregnancy maintenance, increases basal body temperature
Thelarche
Breast development
Pubarche (adrenarche)
Pubic and axillary hair development
Adrenarche
Secretion of adrenal androgens
Menopause
Ovaries unresponsive to gonadotropins
Small amounts of estrogen/progesterone
Uterus and vagina become atrophic
