Review of Old Material

Question 1

What was missing from chapter 9 about consciousness

Answer 1

instincts, aggressive urges, panic and fear, hunger and thirst, sexual urges, loneliness and longing

Question 2

morphemes

Answer 2

small linguistic units that either have meaning (free morphemes) or need another morpheme to add meaning (bound morphemes)

Question 3

phonemes

Answer 3

make up morphemes

Question 4

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 4

difficulty articulating words

Question 5

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 5

difficulty recognizing words but can produce fluent meaningless nonsense speech

Question 6

dynamic mind

Answer 6

mind in conflict with history, desires, fears and beliefs

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

self; reality principle

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

ego ideal; moral guardian

Question 9

id

Answer 9

unconscious urges and desires; pleasure principle

Question 10

conflicts can be glimpsed through

Answer 10

slips of tongue; forgetting, misplacing and other mistakes, repetitive life decisions, dreams

Question 11

psychic continuity

Answer 11

all thoughts are connected to earlier thoughts

Question 12

Milgram experiment

Answer 12

ask volunteers to administer shocks; hypothesis: people would stop early in process; instead people continued

Question 13

components of consciousness

Answer 13

Selective (Elective) Attention to the “External World”
Involuntary Attention to the “External World”

Selective (Elective ) Attention to the “Internal World”
Involuntary Attention to the “External World

Subjective Experience of Time

Daydreaming – fantasies and fears

Emotional Responses

Imaginative Reponses

Sense of Oneself as Evoked by Others

Question 14

Gordon Allport

Answer 14

looked up all the words in dictionary describing personality; came up with cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits

Question 15

Raymond Cattell

Answer 15

narrowed down terms describing personality to 171 adjectives - called surface traits; 6 personality factors after doing questionnaires

Question 16

Hans Eysenck

Answer 16

personal qualities on a continuum; 3 personality factors: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism

Question 17

Five Factor Model

Answer 17

neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

Question 18

NEO-PI-R

Answer 18

measure of personality

Question 19

schema

Answer 19

a set of features generalizable across a series of events

Question 20

example of self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 20

telephone study

Question 21

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 21

an expectation that causes a person to act in a manner consistent with the expectation; the person’s actions then cause the expectation to come true; often seen in cases of stereotyping

Question 22

defense mechanisms

Answer 22

repression, projection, denial, rationalization, reaction formation, isolation of affect

Question 23

Alfred Adler

Answer 23

looked at achievement drives; focused on sense of inferiority

Question 24

object relation theorists

Answer 24

self development is aspect of attachment

Question 25

Erik Erickson

Answer 25

identity is series of crisis over life cycle

Question 26

Albert Bandura

Answer 26

social learning theory; observational learning, self efficacy, reciprocal determinism

Question 27

situationism

Answer 27

the view that behaviors that make up our personality are specific to a given situation and not the result of any persevering traits

Question 28

ionotropic receptors

Answer 28

neurotransmitters open channels at the receptor’s center allowing ions (such as calcium/sodium/potassium) to enter the cell

Question 29

metabotropic receptors

Answer 29

neurotransmitters cause the receptors to create a G-Protein which opens ion channels or creates a “second messenger” that switches on DNA in the neuron leading to cellular changes – such as adding or removing receptors, creating more neurotransmitters, and so on