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Psych Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

disorders arise from intrapsychic conflict produced by id, ego and superego that overwhelms ego’s defense mechanisms

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2
Q

cognitive behavioral perspective

A

disorders are learned patterns of maladaptive thinking and behaving

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3
Q

humanistic perspective

A

disorders arise from need to meet others’ demands to obtain their positive regard

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4
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

how cultural variables influecne the devleopment of disorders and people’s subjective reactions to them

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5
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

disorders are a result from the interaction of genetic, physiological, developmental and environmental factors

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6
Q

ADHD

A

primary symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity; must be present before age 7; displayed in 2 different settings; must interfere with age-appropriate functioning

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7
Q

possible etiology of ADHD

A

brain development: Maximum thickness of cerebral cortex doesn’t occur until age 10; earlier than usual maturation of motor cortex; Combination of developmental delay in areas of brain that exert inhibitory control over movements and premature development of areas that produce voluntary movements

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8
Q

other theory of disorder

A

result of insufficiency of dopamine as modulator in neural pathways involving glutamate and GABA  reduced activity in dopaminergic branch of limbic system interferes with reinforcement and extinction

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9
Q

autistic disorder

A

symptom presentation by age 3; more likely in boys than girls; frequently accompanies by mental retardation; symptoms: abnormal forms of social interaction and communication, the disinclination to form friendships and a preference for solitary activities; marked aversion to disruption of activites

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10
Q

theory-of-mind theory

A

child with autistic disorder fails to understand that actions may be attributed to thoughts and feelings and that actions of others may be attributed similarly

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11
Q

substance related disorders

A

disorders that are characterized by addiction to drugs or alcohol or by abuse of them

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12
Q

alcoholism

A

likelihood of addiction is heritable; produces a larger release of dopamine in brains – stronger reinforcement effect

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13
Q

steady drinking

A

people who cannot abstain and drink consistently; antisocial, pleasure seeking personality; more influenced by heredity; undersensitive to punishment mechnism

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14
Q

binge drinking

A

repressed anxiety ridden personality; able to go without drinking for long periods but are unable to control themselves once they start; more influenced by environment; oversensitive to punishment mechanism

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A

most common of psychotic disorders; distortions of thought, perception, memory and emotion; bizarre behavior, and social withdrawal; disorder with no borders; thought disorder most definitive symptom

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16
Q

positive symptoms

A

makes itself known by its presence; thought disorders (pattern of disorganized, irrational thinking) , delusions (belief contrary to fact) and hallucinations

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17
Q

most common type of hallucination for schizophrenics

A

auditory

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18
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of normal behavior; flattened emotional response, poverty of speech, lack of initiative and persistence, inability to feel pleasure, and social withdrawal

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19
Q

etiology of positive symptoms

A

overactivity of dopamine neurons; may be treated with antipsychotic drugs

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20
Q

etiology of negative symptoms

A

brain damage: a virus that triggers autoimmune disease triggering disease later in life; virus that damages the brain early in life; birth trauma

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21
Q

five types of schizophrenia

A

paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual

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22
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

delusions of persecution, grandeur or control

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23
Q

disorganized schizophrenia

A

characterized primarily by disturbance of thought; word salad; hallucination and delusions; emotions inappropriate to circumstances (flattened or silly affect)

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24
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

A

motor disturbances; extreme excitement and stupor; negative symptoms – catatonic postures – bizarre stationary poses and waxy flexibly maintained for long periods

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25
Q

undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

have delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior but do not meet criteria for other types; some patients symptoms change

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26
Q

residual schizophrenia

A

at least one episode of one of the 4 types has occurred but no single prominent positive symptom is observable; however negative symptoms are observable and muted forms of positive symptoms; may mark transition from schizophrenic episode to remission

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27
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

proposal that abnormal activity of dopamine containing neurons is a causal factor in schizophrenia; Positive symptoms result of overactivity of dopamine transmitting synapse; may need to be amended to become dopamine-serotonin-glutamate hypothesis

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28
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

disorders arise from intrapsychic conflict produced by id, ego and superego that overwhelms ego’s defense mechanisms

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29
Q

cognitive behavioral perspective

A

disorders are learned patterns of maladaptive thinking and behaving

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30
Q

humanistic perspective

A

disorders arise from need to meet others’ demands to obtain their positive regard

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31
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

how cultural variables influecne the devleopment of disorders and people’s subjective reactions to them

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32
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

disorders are a result from the interaction of genetic, physiological, developmental and environmental factors

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33
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

the combination of a person’s genes and early learning experiences may predispose them for disorders; disorders are only expressed if person encounters stressors that overwhelm their capacity to cope; even though some people may be predisposed, coping skills they have acquire dthorugh experience may be enough to prevent development of disorder

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34
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

the classification system of psychological disorders most widely used today; provides criteria along five axes

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35
Q

Axis I

A

major psychological disorders of clinical significance

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36
Q

Axis II

A

personality disorders and mental retardation

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37
Q

Axis III

A

presence of physical disorders

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38
Q

Axis IV

A

identifies level of stress

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39
Q

Axis V

A

assess overall level of psychological, social, or occupational functioning

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40
Q

comorbid

A

tendency of one type of disorder to occur together with one or more other disorders

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41
Q

Thomas Szaz

A

the concept of mental illness has done more harm than good because of negative effect it has on patients; o Labeling people with mental illness places responsibility of care on medical establishment instead of on patient of taking personal steps toward improvement for their problems of living

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42
Q

Clinical judgments

A

diagnosis of disorders or predictions of future behavior based on experts’ knowledge of symptoms and past clinical experience

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43
Q

Actuarial judgments

A

diagnoses of psychological disorders or predictions of future behavior based on statistical analyses of outcome data; more accurate but most clinicians do not use it

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44
Q

disorders usually diagnosed in childhood

A

ADHD and autism

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45
Q

ADHD

A

primary symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity; must be present before age 7; displayed in 2 different settings; must interfere with age-appropriate functioning

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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46
Q

possible etiology of ADHD

A

brain development: Maximum thickness of cerebral cortex doesn’t occur until age 10; earlier than usual maturation of motor cortex; Combination of developmental delay in areas of brain that exert inhibitory control over movements and premature development of areas that produce voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

other theory of disorder

A

result of insufficiency of dopamine as modulator in neural pathways involving glutamate and GABA  reduced activity in dopaminergic branch of limbic system interferes with reinforcement and extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

autistic disorder

A

symptom presentation by age 3; more likely in boys than girls; frequently accompanies by mental retardation; symptoms: abnormal forms of social interaction and communication, the disinclination to form friendships and a preference for solitary activities; marked aversion to disruption of activites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

theory-of-mind theory

A

child with autistic disorder fails to understand that actions may be attributed to thoughts and feelings and that actions of others may be attributed similarly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

substance related disorders

A

disorders taht are characterized by addiction to drugs or alcohol or by abuse of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

alcoholism

A

likelihood of addiction is heritable; produces a larger release of dopamine in brains – stronger reinforcement effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

steady drinking

A

people who cannot abstain and drink consistently; antisocial, pleasure seeking personality; more influenced by heredity; undersensitive to punishment mechnism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

binge drinking

A

repressed anxiety ridden personality; able to go without drinking for long periods but are unable to control themselves once they start; more influenced by environment; oversensitive to punishment mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Schizophrenia

A

most common of psychotic disorders; distortions of thought, perception, memory and emotion; bizarre behavior, and social withdrawal; disorder with no borders; thought disorder most definitive symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

positive symptoms

A

makes itself known by its presence; thought disorders (pattern of disorganized, irrational thinking) , delusions (belief contrary to fact) and hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

most common type of hallucination for schizophrenics

A

auditory

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57
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of normal behavior; flattened emotional response, poverty of speech, lack of initiative and persistence, inability to feel pleasure, and social withdrawal

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3
4
5
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58
Q

etiology of positive symptoms

A

overactivity of dopamine neurons; may be treated with antipsychotic drugs

How well did you know this?
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59
Q

etiology of negative symptoms

A

brain damage: a virus that triggers autoimmune disease triggering disease later in life; virus that damages the brain early in life; birth trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

five types of schizophrenia

A

paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual

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61
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

delusions of persecution, grandeur or control

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62
Q

disorganized schizophrenia

A

characterized primarily by disturbance of thought; word salad; hallucination and delusions; emotions inappropriate to circumstances (flattened or silly affect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

A

motor disturbances; extreme excitement and stupor; negative symptoms – catatonic postures – bizarre stationary poses and waxy flexibly maintained for long periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

have delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior but do not meet criteria for other types; some patients symptoms change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

residual schizophrenia

A

at least one episode of one of the 4 types has occurred but no single prominent positive symptom is observable; however negative symptoms are observable and muted forms of positive symptoms; may mark transition from schizophrenic episode to remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

proposal that abnormal activity of dopamine containing neurons is a causal factor in schizophrenia; Positive symptoms result of overactivity of dopamine transmitting synapse; may need to be amended to become dopamine-serotonin-glutamate hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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67
Q

double bind

A

the conflict caused for a child when they are given inconsistent messages or cues from a parent

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68
Q

mood disorders

A

characterized by significant shifts or disturbances in mood that adversely affect normal perception, thought, and behavior; foreboding depression or combination of depression and mania

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69
Q

mania

A

“madness;” abnormal and persistent elevation of an expansive or irritable mood

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70
Q

bipolar I disorder

A

characterized by episodes of mania by itself or in a mix with anxiety, accompanied by episodes of major depression

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71
Q

major depressive disorder

A

persistent, severe feelings of sadness and worthlessness accompanied by changes in appetite, sleeping and other behavior

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72
Q

bipolar II disorder

A

major depressive episode accompanied by hypomania – less severe mania

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73
Q

5 major symptoms of depression

A

sad and apathetic mood; feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness; a desire to withdraw from other people; sleeplessness and loss of appetite and sexual desire; change in activity level, either to lethargy or to agitation

74
Q

cognitive causes of depression

A

distortion of one’s view of reality and cognitive triad

75
Q

cognitive triad

A

self blame; overemphasis on negative aspects of life; failure to anticipate positive change

76
Q

which neurotransmitters are involved with expression of depression

A

lower levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

77
Q

anxiety disorders

A

sense of apprehension or doom that is accompanied by physiological reactions like accelerated hear rate, sweaty palms, and tightness in the stomach

78
Q

types of anxiety disorders

A

panic, phobia, OCD, PTSD, dissociative disorders

79
Q

panic

A

episodic attacks of acute anxiety – periods of acute and unremitting terror that grip them for lengths of time from seconds to hours; feels like they are going to die -mistaken for a heart attack

80
Q

symptoms of panic

A

SOB, clammy sweat, irregularities in heartbeat, dizziness, faintness, and feelings of unreality

81
Q

phobia

A

persistent irrational fears of specific objects or situations

82
Q

phobic disorder

A

unrealistic, excessive fear of a specific class of stimuli that interferes with normal activities

83
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces; anxiety disorder characterized by fear of and avoidance of being in places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing

84
Q

social phobia

A

fear of situations in which person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others and fears that they may do something or act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing

85
Q

specific phobia

A

any other phobias; caused by a specific traumatic experience

86
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder; recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas and compelling urges to engage in repetitive ritual like behavior

87
Q

4 categories most compulsions fall under

A

counting,checking,cleaning, avoidance

88
Q

PTSD

A

post traumatic disorder; feelings of social withdrawal accompanied by atypically low levels of emotion; caused by prolonged exposure to a stressor ie war or natural catastrophe

89
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

neurological disorder characterized by tics and involuntary utterances, some of which may involve obscenities and repetition of others’ utterances

90
Q

symptoms of PTSD

A

recurrent dreams or recollections; feelings that traumatic event is recurring and intense psychological distress

91
Q

double bind

A

the conflict caused for a child when they are given inconsistent messages or cues from a parent

92
Q

mood disorders

A

characterized by significant shifts or disturbances in mood that adversely affect normal perception, thought, and behavior; foreboding depression or combination of depression and mania

93
Q

mania

A

“madness;” abnormal and persistent elevation of an expansive or irritable mood

94
Q

bipolar I disorder

A

characterized by episodes of mania by itself or in a mix with anxiety, accompanied by episodes of major depression

95
Q

major depressive disorder

A

persistent, severe feelings of sadness and worthlessness accompanied by changes in appetite, sleeping and other behavior

96
Q

bipolar II disorder

A

major depressive episode accompanied by hypomania – less severe mania

97
Q

5 major symptoms of depression

A

sad and apathetic mood; feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness; a desire to withdraw from other people; sleeplessness and loss of appetite and sexual desire; change in activity level, either to lethargy or to agitation

98
Q

cognitive causes of depression

A

distortion of one’s view of reality and cognitive triad

99
Q

cognitive triad

A

self blame; overemphasis on negative aspects of life; failure to anticipate positive change

100
Q

which neurotransmitters are involved with expression of depression

A

lower levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

101
Q

anxiety disorders

A

sense of apprehension or doom that is accompanied by physiological reactions like accelerated hear rate, sweaty palms, and tightness in the stomach

102
Q

types of anxiety disorders

A

panic, phobia, OCD, PTSD, dissociative disorders

103
Q

panic

A

episodic attacks of acute anxiety – periods of acute and unremitting terror that grip them for lengths of time from seconds to hours; feels like they are going to die -mistaken for a heart attack

104
Q

symptoms of panic

A

SOB, clammy sweat, irregularities in heartbeat, dizziness, faintness, and feelings of unreality

105
Q

phobia

A

persistent irrational fears of specific objects or situations

106
Q

phobic disorder

A

unrealistic, excessive fear of a specific class of stimuli that interferes with normal activities

107
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces; anxiety disorder characterized by fear of and avoidance of being in places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing

108
Q

social phobia

A

fear of situations in which person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others and fears that they may do something or act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing

109
Q

specific phobia

A

any other phobias; caused by a specific traumatic experience

110
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder; recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas and compelling urges to engage in repetitive ritual like behavior

111
Q

4 categories most compulsions fall under

A

counting,checking,cleaning, avoidance

112
Q

PTSD

A

post traumatic disorder; feelings of social withdrawal accompanied by atypically low levels of emotion; caused by prolonged exposure to a stressor ie war or natural catastrophe

113
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

neurological disorder characterized by tics and involuntary utterances, some of which may involve obscenities and repetition of others’ utterances

114
Q

symptoms of PTSD

A

recurrent dreams or recollections; feelings that traumatic event is recurring and intense psychological distress

115
Q

4 areas of psychopathology

A

mood, anxiety, thought, addiction

116
Q

dysthymia

A

mild depression

117
Q

unipolar depression

A

depression only

118
Q

cyclothymia

A

dysthymia/hypomania

119
Q

bipolar disorder I

A

depression/mania

120
Q

bipolar disorder II

A

depression/hypomania

121
Q

dysthymia

A

characterized by an overwhelming yet chronic state of depression, exhibited by a depressed mood for most of the days, for more days than not, for at least 2 years; must not have gone for more than 2 months without experiencing two or more of the following symptoms:

* poor appetite or overeating
* insomnia or hypersomnia
* low energy or fatigue
* low self-esteem
* poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
* feelings of hopelessness
122
Q

Rule of 7s

A

1/7 with recurrent depressive illness commits suicide
70% of suicides have depressive illness
70% of suicides see their primary physician within 6 weeks of suicide
Suicide is the 7th leading cause of death

123
Q

Ways to Explain Depression

A

Anger turned toward the self
Defense: Sadness blocks Anger (and Guilt)
Attributional Style: Global, Permanent, Internal
Problems with Attachment: Depression=mourning
Biological Disorder

124
Q

Cognitive Model of Emotion

A

event –> thought (interpretation) –> emotion

125
Q

depressive attributional style

A

internal, permanent, global

126
Q

classic model of inherited disease

A

gene –> gene product –> disease (100% will develop disease) classical autosomal dominant pattern

127
Q

multi-hit model

A

risk factors 1-3 are inherited genetic hits; risk factor 4 and 5 are environmental hits expressed through abnormal genetic responses

128
Q

3 kinds of people (with regards to dealing with depression)

A

Those who don’t suffer from depression or dysthymia, who have bad days, will grieve a loss, but don’t spiral down into a major depressive episode; Those who usually don’t suffer from depression but, when stressed beyond a certain point, develop depressive symptoms and benefit from a short-term use of medication and therapy to come out of it. When the stress or crisis resolves, they often taper off their meds without a relapse; Those who are chronically depressed without medication. Psychotherapy may be helpful in that it provides insight and ways to minimize stress, but these people only experience substantial relief with medication

129
Q

how does brain structure tell us about depression?

A

smaller prefrontal cortex & hippocampus, larger amygdala

130
Q

How do brain pathways tell us about depression

A

hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the stress circuit, is too often active, leading to damage in hippocampus

131
Q

how does neuronal action tell us about depression

A

for many, increasing neurotransmitter levels relieves depression

132
Q

antidepressant medication

A

selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac or Zoloft, depend on molecules that target receptors more carefully than earlier drugs, so that side effects are reduced

133
Q

side effects of SSRIs

A

loss of sexual drive and interference with sexual function

134
Q

what many people suffering from suicidal ideation say

A

It seems as though the pain will never end…
My life will never change …
I can’t stand the guilt anymore …
Suicide is something I keep in my back pocket

135
Q

3 kinds of suicide

A

Thoughtfully (and secretly) planned out, with notes to friends and family …
Done impulsively, with the hope of being stopped (driving recklessly, taking an overdose of medication …)
Committed because of psychotic thinking during a severe depressive episode (“I’m so evil I’ll cause torment to my family”)

136
Q

what prevents suicide

A

Love and attachment to others
A sense that one can change one’s life
Restored hope in a wished for future self
An ability to take the “long view,” to appreciate life philosophically
Learning that loss is an inherent part of life, and that mourning is part of wisdom

137
Q

escape theory

A

depressed person tries to escape from negative affect by rejecting and avoiding meaningful thought (cognitive deconstruction)

138
Q

3 main signs of cognitive deconstruction

A

time perspective constricted to narrow focus on the present; concreteness is reflected in focus on immediate movements and sensations rather than broader ideas and emotions; proximal goals

139
Q

healthy thinking

A

the ability to distinguish inner world experience from external world events

140
Q

reality testing

A

The capacity to distinguish what is real from what is imagined

141
Q

when reality fails…

A

healthy thinking is contaminated by: Delusions – false beliefs that are experienced as real
Hallucinations – false sensory events experiences as real
Disorganized Speech – spoken words that make no sense
Severely Idiosyncratic Associations

142
Q

causes of psychotic states

A 
Drugs – taken as treatment or recreationally
Aging – dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Depression
Mania
Bi-Polar Illness
Schizoprenia
Anxiety
143
Q

acute onset

A

seems to happen suddenly … late teens/early twenties for men, a bit later for women

144
Q

prodomal onset

A

the person has always had odd characteristics, often socially-isolated, and then “slides” into a schizophrenic episode

145
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

Delusions of persecution, fear of mind control, obsessional thinking

146
Q

disorganized schizophrenia

A

strange speech, “word salad,” inappropriate affect, strange interpersonal behavior, poor cognitive organization, low functioning

147
Q

catatonic

A

predominantly “negative symptoms” including social isolation, paucity of thought, impoverished vocabulary, repetitive motions

148
Q

positive symptoms

A

mental features which should not be present

149
Q

examples of positive symptoms

A

Delusions
Hallucinations – auditory/visual/olfactory
Bizarre Speech – Neologisms
Inappropriate Affect
Perseverations/Clang Associations(uncontrollable repetition of a response)
Violent or threatening behavior

150
Q

negative symptoms

A

loss or absence of mental functioning

151
Q

examples of negative symptoms

A 
Flattened Affect
Paucity of thought
Catatonia (restriction of movement)
Lack of social awareness
Poor hygiene
152
Q

brain difference in schizophrenic patients

A

Enlarged ventricles (the housing of the brain)
Inconsistent density of neurons in the hippocampus – and they’re smaller.
The brain shrinks in size beginning in adolescence (neuronal loss)
Lower amounts of synaptophysin, a membrane protein involved in neurotransmission.

153
Q

neurodevelopment of schizophrenia

A

Start with a genetic liability
Add intrauterine trauma, infection, stress
Add environmental, psychological stress
And you have a “schizotype” someone expressing some symptoms of neurological deficits, or …
prodromal or acute onset schizophrenia after puberty …

154
Q

can you be a little bit schizophrenic?

A

Yes. The expression of schizophrenic liability is a spectrum … there are people prone to paranoid thinking, to social withdrawal and isolation, who do not have full blown schizophrenia. But they are likely to have first degree relatives who do.

155
Q

defenses against anxiety in everyday life

A

magical thinking, obsessions, compulsions, rumination, perfectionism, drugs/alcohol, dissociation

156
Q

examples of anxiety disorders

A

phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia), panic attacks, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder

157
Q

DSM-IV-TR criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder

A

exposed to traumatic event in which involved actual/threatened injury/death; traumatic event persistently reexperienced; persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness; Persistent symptoms of increased arousal; duration of disturbance is more than one month; causes impairment in functioning

158
Q

professor’s definition of psychotherapy

A

strategic use of the intimacy

159
Q

psychotherapist guidelines

A

boundaries, therapist abstinence, fidelity to the process

160
Q

universal psychotherapy components

A

forming the alliance, setting goals, creating an interpersonal space, interpreting what the patient does or doesn’t know

161
Q

schools of psychotherapy

A

psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy, behavior therapy, ratio-emotive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, group psychotherapy, family psychotherapy, dialectical behavioral therapy

162
Q

psychoanalysis

A

projection

163
Q

psychodynamic psychotherapy

A

associations to the past

164
Q

behavior therapy

A

behavior change

165
Q

ratio-emotive therapy

A

rational solutions

166
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

homework

167
Q

group psychotherapy

A

group identity

168
Q

family psychotherapy

A

interpersonal process

169
Q

dialectical behavior therapy

A

mindfulness

170
Q

Freud’s categories

A

free association, transference, counter-transference, analysis of resistance and defenses, making what is unconscious conscious

171
Q

free association

A

what comes to mind

172
Q

transference

A

projections onto the analyst

173
Q

counter-transference

A

analyst’s projections

174
Q

analysis of resistance and defenses

A

interpreting ways of avoiding the analysis and anxiety

175
Q

making the unconscious conscious

A

interpreting the underlying thoughts, emotions, wishes and fears

176
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

baseline measures of depression and anxiety; measuring the key “schemas” of the patient, using homework to increase awareness of automatic thoughts and distortions; avoid issues of transference or dwelling on early experience

177
Q

limitations of CBT

A

very “American;” its surgical, focuses on one set of mental associations; it has not theory of development - focuses solely on the present, avoids looking at the relationship between patient and therapist, dreams, nonrational mental states; effective with only 30% of patients (others required broader mix)

178
Q

Charles’ symptoms

A

irrational homicide of stranger, flat affect, dissociating from what happened, under drug induced hypnosis acknowledged hearing a voice saying kill

179
Q

process of the work on Charles

A

Charles tells horrific story of childhood, Lindner catches him playing with chess pieces and decides to do play therapy on him, play therapy unleashes more anger, aggression, heroes and villains; the story of Charles’ rage and longing for his mother emerges with his psychotic belief that her ring is in the drug box Linder carries on his final rounds in hospital

180
Q

When should you go into therapy?

A

real problems with love, work, play; symptoms of depression and anxiety; difficulty grieving a loss; fear at crossing a developmental hurdle; wanting to understand yourself better

Psychology 1101 (2 decks)

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