Review of Nutrition Tools

Question 1

The original dietary standards were the ______. Based on ______.

Answer 1

RDAs; nutrient deficiencies

Question 2

What has now replaced the RDAs? What is the aim of them?

Answer 2

DRI’s; preventing chronic disease (optimal health)

Question 3

Are there overt nutrient deficiencies in the US?

Answer 3

They are very rare.

Question 4

How are RDAs and DRIs organized?

Answer 4

By life stage groups

Question 5

What are the 6 nutrient groups that the DRIs have developed?

Answer 5

1) Bone health
2) B vitamins and choline
3) Antioxidants
4) Energy and macronutrients
5) Electrolytes and water
6) Vitamins A and K and trace minerals

Question 6

DRIs are designed for _____ and ______ diets of health people.

Answer 6

planning and assessing

Question 7

DRIs should be consumed on most days how?

Answer 7

As an average intake

Question 8

What is used to evaluate nutrient intakes of populations?

Answer 8

EAR

Question 9

____ and ____ recommend specific amounts of nutrients for individuals.

Answer 9

RDAs and AIs

Question 10

What helps with the prevention of nutrient toxicities? What does it mean if the intake is below this level?

Answer 10

ULs; its not toxic

Question 11

If no adverse effects observed at high doses, the nutrient relatively safe at _____ _____ _____. If there is lack of data about something because high doses are not usually consumed, should you be concerned if you use high doses?

Answer 11

known human consumption; yes

Question 12

What is the average amount of a nutrient required for good health? At what percent of the population meet their needs?

Answer 12

EAR; 50%

Question 13

How was the RDA set? What percent would meet the needs of the population?

Answer 13

By adding a safety factor to the EAR.

97%

Question 14

UL

Answer 14

This is set well above the needs of everyone in the population and represents the highest amount of the nutrient that wont cause toxicity symptoms.

Question 15

EAR s based on criteria of _______.

Answer 15

Biological markers

Question 16

If scientists cannot identify an appropriate biological marker, what cannot be calculated? What will there most often be in this case?

Answer 16

No EAR or RDA will be calculated, however there will be an AI.

Question 17

What is the least vigorous DRI? What is it based on?

Answer 17

AI; based on amounts of a nutrient that appear to promote health

Question 18

What does it mean if something has no EAR, RDA, or AI?

Answer 18

not required in the human diet

Question 19

What are EERs used for?

Answer 19

They are used to calculate calories needed to ensure a stable weight in a healthy individual.

Question 20

What are AMDRs?

Answer 20

Expressed as ranges of percents of energy-yielding nutrients associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. Allows flexibility in foods.

Question 21

AMDR for
protein:
fat:
carbohydrates:

Answer 21

Protein: 10-35%
Fat: 20-35%
Carbs: 45-65%

Question 22

What are the Dietary Guidelines? When are they revised?

Answer 22

Set of diet and lifestyle recommendations designed to promote health and reduce chronic disease risks.
Revised every 5 years

Question 23

Tools or Policy?
Dietary Guidelines?
MyPlate?
School Lunch Regulations?

Answer 23

Dietary Guidelines–> POLICY
MyPlate–> Tools
School Lunch Regulations–> Tools

Question 24

What is NEL?

Answer 24

created to conduct evidence-based reviews to inform federal nutrition policy and programs

Question 25

What is the most important aspect of NEL?

Answer 25

to minimize bias

Question 26

Which are the best types of studies?

Answer 26

randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trials

Question 27

What are the two overarching concepts of the Dietary Guidelines?

Answer 27

1) Maintain calorie balance over time to achieve and sustain a healthy weight
2) Focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages

Question 28

What does nutrient dense mean?

Answer 28

foods provide vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances with relatively few calories without: solid fats, added sugars, added refined starches, and added sodium

Question 29

What is something that is an example of retaining naturally occurring components?

Answer 29

Dietary Fiber

Question 30

How much sodium should be in your diet daily?

What if you have other exceptions?

Answer 30

2300 mg; 15 mg

Question 31

What percent of your calories should come from saturated fatty acids?

Answer 31

10%

Question 32

How much cholesterol should you have daily?

Answer 32

<300

Question 33

What are the most important nutrients to increase in your diet?

Answer 33

Potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D

Question 34

Which food group are measured in cups? ounces?

Answer 34

Veggies, fruits, and dairy are measured in cups

Protein and grains are measured on ounces

Question 35

Will those who weigh more use more calories?

Answer 35

Yes and those who weight less will use fewer calories

Question 36

Food labels are regulated by whom?

Answer 36

FDA

Question 37

Food labels list amounts of certain micro and macro nutrients that are expressed as what?

Answer 37

Daily Value

Question 38

What is Daily Value?

Answer 38

The amount of a nutrient in a food shown as a percentage of the recommendation for a person consuming a 2000 kcal diet

Question 39

Give % DV. What is low and what is high?

Answer 39

5% or less is low and 20% or more is high

Question 40

What are the 3 types of health claims?

Answer 40

Significant, Authoritative, Qualified

Question 41

Explain the Exchange list for meal planning.

Answer 41

Food group system used to plan diets and menus to meet specific energy and macronutrient needs.
-Developed by the American Dietetics Associated and American Diabetes Association

Question 42

When can a food be exchanged for another in the Exchange list?

Answer 42

Within a group you can exchange one food for another as long as the equivalent serving size is known