Fiber

Question 1

What is the different between dietary fiber and functional fiber?

Answer 1

Dietary fiber: Nondigestible CHO and lignin that have not been disrupted very much by refinement or processing (known that is it fairly at its natural state)–> on food labels
Functional fiber: Nondigestible CHO that must have physiological benefits in humans

Question 2

Where do fibers come from?

Answer 2

> 95% of fibers come from the cell wall

Question 3

Important properties of fiber include:

Answer 3

1) Solubility in water
2) Water-holdng capacity and viscosity
3) Adsorption or binding ability
4) Degradability/fermentability

Question 4

For a fiber to be fermentable, does it have to be soluble?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

Characteristics of solubility:

Answer 5

1) Delay gastric emptying
2) Increase transit time
3) Decrease nutrient absoption

Question 6

Characteristics of Insolubility:

Answer 6

1) Decrease transit time

2) Increase fecal bulk

Question 7

Water-holding/hydration capacity and viscosity characteristics

Answer 7

1) Ability of fiber to bind water
2) Delayed (slowed) gastic emptying
3) Reduced mixing
4) Reduced enzyme function
5) Decreased nutrient diffusion rate
6) Altered small intestine transit time
7) Viscous soluble fibers delay, which means slow down or increase, transit time
8) Non-viscous insoluble fibers decreases, which means speed up or shorten transit time

Question 8

Characteristics of adsorption or binding ability

Answer 8

1) diminished absorption of lipids
2) Increased fecal bile acid excretion
3) Lowered serum cholesterol concentrations
4) Altered mineral and reduce carotenoid aborption

Question 9

Fermentable fibers are potentially ______.

Answer 9

prebiotics

Question 10

What is the primary energy source for colonocytes? What does this mean?

Answer 10

Butyrate; may lead to prevention of colon cancer

Question 11

Short-chain fatty acids results in….

Answer 11

1) Increased water and sodium absorption in the colon
2) Mucosal cell proliferation
3) Provision of energy
4) Acidification of luminal environment

Question 12

Non-fermentable fibers include…

Answer 12

Detoxification, increased fecal volume (bulk)

Question 13

Why was there an AI set for total fiber?

Answer 13

Based on the intake level observed to protect against CHD (improve gastrointestinal health)

Question 14

Dat on fiber intake and satiety and weight maintenance is ____. What does this mean?

Answer 14

equivocal

Addition of fiber to a diet should reduce energy consumption