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OB hesi study guide > review of exam 2 > Flashcards

review of exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 p’s?

A

Passenger
passageway
powers
position
psychological response

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2
Q

What are the 2 passengers in pregnancy ?

A

fetus and placenta

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3
Q

What is the passageway in pregnancy ?

A

birth canal

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4
Q

what are the 2 powers in pregnancy ?

A

primary - contractions
secondary - bearing down (pushing)

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5
Q

What does position mean in pregnancy ?

A

how the mom is position to give birth, like she is sitting down, laying down etc

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6
Q

what is the psychological response in pregnancy ?

A

mom stress levels, how she feels, etc

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7
Q

How does the baby pass through the cervix into the birth canal ? through like which process?

A

the molding of the fontanels

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8
Q

what does fetal presentation mean ?

A

the way fetus is presenting to us, so like is it OA/OP, breech etc

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8
Q

Usually the molding of the fontanels fix within a couple of what?

A

days

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9
Q

when the baby comes out, the fontanels are molded into what shape?

A

a cone head shape

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10
Q

what does cephalic fetal presentation main?

A

vertex, head first

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11
Q

what is brow cephalic fetal presenting?

A

forehead coming out, like the eyebrow coming-out

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11
Q

what does breech fetal presentation mean?

A

presenting part is the sacrum
butt or feet

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12
Q

what does shoulder fetal presentation mean ?

A

the shoulder is coming out, scapula presenting

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13
Q

why do you think, breech or like shoulder, brow fetal presentation is bad and we end up doing a c-section for these moms?

A

because their isn’t enough pressure to dilate the cervix to push the baby and placenta through

it can lead to severe pain and potential neurologic damage

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14
Q

what is the function of uterine contractions?

A

to help dilate the cervix

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15
Q

what are the 3 things we look out for in uterine contractions?

A

duration : how long
frequency : how often
intensity : how strong

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16
Q

what is foot lane breech mean?

A

the feet coming out first

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17
Q

what is frank breech mean?

A

butt going out first

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18
Q

how can we tell when we are having some form of breech?

A

the head is always heard, everything else would most likely be feeling soft

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19
Q

what is the best fetal position for birth?

A

OA

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20
Q

what does LOA AND ROA mean?

A

chin down, but the back of head is facing the left or right side of mom

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21
Q

What does LOP and ROP mean?

A

chin up, but the chin is facing the left or right side of mom

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22
Q

what is the distinguishing figure to tell you have OA position?

A

diamond shape

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23
what is the distinguishing figure to tell you have OP position?
Y shape
24
what does fetal attitude mean?
the relation of the fetal body parts to one another flex or extended
24
what does fetal lie mean?
the relation of the long axis ( spine ) of the fetus to the long axis ( spine ) of the mother lying down/side to side head down or head up
25
what is the best fetal attitude for birth ?
flexing
26
why is the fetal attitude extending not the best for birth ?
fontanells won't properly mold
27
what is fetal position ?
head down head up again that OA or OP
28
what does fetal station mean ?
how far the baby has descended into the birth canal to the ischial spine
29
engagement usually corresponds to what?
0 station
30
what is the second best pelvic type?
anthropoid ( human shape )
30
what are the 4 pelvis types ?
gynecoid android anthropoid platypellpoid
31
what is the best pelvic type?
gynecoid ( pumpkin shape )
32
android looks like what ? platypelloid looks like what ?
alien platepus
33
the android and platypelloid pelvic shape types usually result in what for mothers?
c-sections
34
what does effacement mean ?
cervix stretches and gets thinner the more we go into labor and the contractions help dilate it
35
what is Ferguson reflex?
an eager to wanna bear down and push the baby out
36
what does labor mean?
process of moving fetus, placenta and membranes out of the uterus and through the birth canal
37
what are 2 signs of preceding labor ?
lightening or dropping bloody show
38
what are the 2 true labor starts?
plug of mucous/blood amniotic sac ruptures
39
what are true labor contractions?
cervix dilates like the contractions are starting To dilate the cervix open
40
when does the first stage of labor start and end ?
onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation of the cervix
41
what is latent phase of first stage of labor?
irregular contractions
42
what is active phase of first stage of labor?
regular contractions
43
when does third stage of labor start and end?
from the birth of the newborn until the placenta is delivered
44
when does second stage of labor start and end?
from the time cervix is fully dilated to the birth of the newborn
45
when does the fourth stage of labor start and end?
from the placenta is delivered until the mother is in a stable condition or 1 hour after giving birth
46
what is normal fetal heart rate?
110-160bpm
46
mechanism of labor 1. engagement 2. descent 3. flexion 4. internal rotation 5. extension 6. external rotation 7. expulsion
47
what is visceral pain?
comes from the internal organs deep squeeze early first stage of labor
47
what is the best breathing method for patient in labor ?
lamas breathing pattern breathing method
47
what is somatic pain?
comes from the skin, muscles and soft tissues said to be sharp pain usually near birth of child
47
what happens to fetal circulation and respirations when the fetus is born?
PDA and formen Ovale closes and the baby breathes just like the rest of us
48
what is effleurage ?
circle massage
49
what is counter pressure ?
putting pressure on the back where it mainly hurts in women
50
what does sedatives mean ?
relieve anxiety induce sleep prolonged early phase to promote sleep
51
can opioids cross the placenta? and how does it affect baby ?
yes, so be careful it can make baby become lazy and prolong labor
51
anesthesia and analgesia defintion?
relaxations and pain reliever
51
why do we not give opioids when the mom is wanting to push even though she is in a lot of pain?
because baby becomes lazy and we want mom to push the baby out
52
what do we want at the bedside if mom is on an opiate?
narcan opidate reversal
53
what are the 3 epidural side effects?
respiratory depression hypotension thrombocytopenia
54
before epidural, since we know it causes hypotension, what are we gonna do to avoid it?
give a bolus 500cc to 1000cc to avoid it
55
if we give an epidural, and mom has a spinal headache, how do we treat it?
blood patch
56
we always want to assess mom pain by using what?
pain scale
57
what must be maintained to prevent fetal compromise ?
oxygen supply
58
what does fetal compromise mean or like what is the goal when we are assessing it?
normal or abnormal patterns of baby
59
how do we get a baseline of the fetal heart rate?
10mintues segment there must be 2 minutes of interpreable data
60
what does variability mean in this case?
shows healthy nervous system indications
61
what is tachycardia for fetal heart rate?
anything above 160
62
what are the 4 causes of tachycardia in fetus?
prolong cord compression umbilical cord prolapsed morphine heart abnoramilites
63
how do we fix tachycardia in fetus?
side lying oxygen iv fluids reposition uterus
64
what is bradycardia in fetus ?
anything elbow 110
65
what is the 5 main causes of bradycardia in fetuses?
maternal fever infection fetal hypoxia stimulants hypothyroidism
66
accelerations are what
indications of fetal well being
67
acceleration must be what?
15 beats for 15 seconds above baseline
68
VEAL CHOPS say it
variable declarations = cord compression early decelerations = head compression accelerations = okay late decelerations = placental insufficneiy
69
for late decelerations we want to follow the anagram LIONS which is?
side lying iv fluids oxygen notify provider surgery
70
how are we gonna treat variable decerlatiosn ? (3)
knee chest trendelenburg positon aminofusion ( this is said to help with the cord float around )
71
amniofusion is usually given to patients with what?
oligohydraminios too little amniotic fluid
72
any component is abnormally we are gonna take corrective measure to improve what?
fetal oxgentation intrauterine resuscitation
73
what are the big 2 things we are gonna do for fetal intrauterine resuscitation?
side lying ( lateral position ) IV fluids ( oxygen typically too )
74
I forgot to put up top this section vaginal exam wanna feel the ischial spine when the baby hasn't passed the ischial spine its negative 1-5 when its passed the ischial spine its postivie +1-5 VERY IMPORANT WHEN MEASURING THIS THE FONTANELLS WILL STRECH OUT AND TRICK US INTO BELIEVING ITS LOWER ALWAYS IMPORTANT TO TRACE FINGERS BACK AND FEEL FOR THE SUTURE LINES TO PROPERLY INDICIATE WHERE THE BABY IS AT.

OB hesi study guide (4 decks)

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