Review of evolutionary theory Flashcards
who created taxonomy based on hierarchical classification (kingdom, phylum, class etc)
Carolus Linnaeus in the renaissance
what is the principle of uniformitarianism and who created it
Principle of uniformitarianism : processes that drive natural world today are the same as those that prevailed in the past
James hutton
what is the Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics and who created it
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics : proposes that evolutionary change occurs through interaction of organism with environment (throughout own lifetime and overtime through passing down genes )
what are the mechanisms of natural selection
competition fro resources
variation in population
inheritance
difference between phylogeny and ontogeny
Phylogeny : evolutionary history and relationship between organisms
Ontogeny : developmental history of a single organism
conditions for natural selection to occur
- Struggle for existence : limited resources
- Variation : different morphologies or characteristics affect survival rates
- Selective mortality : organism with better characteristics more likely to survive than organisms without characteristic
- Inheritance : selected trait is passed down
what is an adaptation
a phenotypical attribute that has current utility and evolved to serve that function
what is sexual selection
evolution of traits that are related to mate competition
what is an exaptation
A feature that confers a new selective advantage from that it was originally adapted for
what is a spandrel
biological feature that results from design constraints of other features
* By-product of architectonic constraints
* Ex. Human chin –> no particular function but could be by-product of different facial features
