Neuroanatomy Flashcards
functions of the four lobes
frontal lobe = executive function
parietal = sensory processing
occipital = vision
temporal = auditory processing and speech, visual memory
axon anatomy
beginning = hillock
end = axon terminal
insulated by myelin sheaths
function of dendritic spines
storage site for synaptic strength
types of neurons
pyramidal, granule, purkineje, ovoid, double pyramid
most common type of neurons
pyramidal cells –> 70% of neurons
where do more complex dendritic trees and more dendritic spines form
neurons in areas that receive a lot of input from other areas
areas with high integrations
the 3 types of glia and there function
ogliodendrocytes = form the myelin sheath, produce myelin, only in central nervous system
astrocytes = regulate environment (chemical composition) outside of cells, fill space between neurons
microglia = housekeeping : responding to injury and infection, removing damaged cells, refining synaptic circuits
what type of neuron cells are only found in the cerebellum
granule cells
3 main layers of cells in nervous system development and what they become
endoderm –> becomes internal organs
mesoderm –> becomes bones and muscels
ectoderm –> skin and nervous system
describe neural tube formation
the neuron plate folds together to become the neural tube, the neural plate borders meet to become the neural crest (become differentiating neural cells) and the epidermis becomes the layer above to protect (the skin)
what are the three parts of the neural tube
prosencephalon –> forebrain
mesencephalon –> midbrain
rhombencephalon –> hindbrain
what does the prosencephalon become
telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere) and the diencephalon ( thalamus and hypothalamus)
what does the mesencephalon become
the tectum (superior and inferior colliculi ) and tegmentum (substatia nigra and red nucleus)
