Review of Communicable Disease Flashcards
1
Q
It is a CONTAGIOUS DISEASE and readily transferred from one infected person to a susceptible and uninfected person and maybe caused by microorganism
A
Communicable Disease
2
Q
Developing for a short period of time
A
Acute Disease
3
Q
Acquired by a person for a long period of time
A
Chronic Disease
4
Q
Remains inactive in the body but when the time comes that the person is immunocompromise, the inactive disease may develop
A
Latent disease
5
Q
Infections that develop after a prior infection
A
Secondary Infections
6
Q
presence of bacteria in the blood
A
Bacteremia
7
Q
poisoning of the blood
A
Septicemia
8
Q
WBC are the soldiers of the body (True or False)
A
True
9
Q
toxins in the blood
A
Toxemia
10
Q
virus in the blood
A
Viremia
11
Q
Occasional cases
A
Sporadic Disease
12
Q
Is always present in a certain area or 4egion
A
Endemic
13
Q
sudden increase in the number of cases of disease
A
Epidemic
14
Q
Worldwide outbreaks
A
Pandemic
15
Q
Number of infected people during a particular time period (i.e. year)
A
Incidence
16
Q
Number of disease people at any given time
A
Prevalence
17
Q
Measurable changes (Signs or Symptoms)
A
Signs
18
Q
Patient Complaint (Signs or Symptoms)
A
Symptoms
19
Q
Study of disease
A
Pathology
20
Q
Cause of disease
A
Etiology
21
Q
Disease process
A
Pathogenesis
22
Q
Colonization by microbe
A
Infection
23
Q
Organism with potential to cause disease
A
Pathogen
24
Q
Pathogen is growing in or on host
A
Infection
25
Degree or intensity of pathogenicity
Virulence
26
Ability of pathogen to spread to other tissues in body
Invasiveness
27
Ability of pathogen to establish infection
Infectivity
28
Ability of pathogen to secrete toxins
Toxigenicity
29
Infection in which pathogen grows massively in the body, being found in blood and throughout organs
Septicemia
30
Developed in late 1800’s, provide basic logical proof that disease is caused by a microbe
KOCH’S POSTULATES
31
Microbe must be present in every case of disease, but present also from healthy individuals ( True or False)
False (Microbe must be present in every case of disease, but ABSENT from healthy individuals)
32
Suspected microbe must be isolated from diseased host and grown in culture (True or False)
True
33
Different disease must result when isolated microbe is introduced into healthy host (True or False)
False (SAME disease must result when isolated
microbe is introduced into healthy host)
34
Same microbe must be isolated again from second diseased host (True or False)
True
35
Organisms that cause disease when they enter different environment
Opportunistic Pathogens
36
colonizes intestines when normal flora have been killed by antibiotics
Clostridium difficile
37
It enters peritoneal cavity from burst appendix
Escherichia coli
38
It enters break in skin; cause of pimples, boils, etc.
Staphylococcus aureus
39
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING INFECTIONS :
The most common infection-causing microorganisms
Bacteria
40
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING INFECTIONS :
Consists primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to produce infections
Viruses
41
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING INFECTIONS :
Includes yeast and mold
Fungi
42
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING INFECTIONS :
Live on other living microorganism
Parasites
43
CHAIN OF INFECTION :
The extent to which any microorganisms is capable of producing an infectious process depends on the number of microorganisms (pathogenicity)
Etiologic Agent
44
CHAIN OF INFECTION :
source of infection (Common sources are the other humans, the client’s own microorganisms, plants, animals, or the general environment)
Reservoir
45
CHAIN OF INFECTION :
Before an infection can establish itself in a host, the microorganism must leave the reservoir
Portal of exit from the reservoir
46
MODE OF TRANSMISSION :
Involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse
Direct Transmission
47
form of direct transmission but can occur only if the source and the host are within 3 feet of each other
Droplet Spread
48
MODE OF TRANSMISSION :
May either be vehicle-borne or vector-borne
Indirect Transmission
49
MODE OF TRANSMISSION :
any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introducing infectious agent into susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry
Vehicle
50
MODE OF TRANSMISSION :
infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species such as mosquitoes, ticks, blackflies, etc.
Vector
51
CHAIN OF INFECTION :
Before a person can become infected, microorganisms must enter the body
Portal of Entry to the Susceptible host
52
CHAIN OF INFECTION :
Any person who is at risk for infection
Susceptible Host
53
CONTROLLING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
prophylaxis such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs
Treatment
54
CONTROLLING INFECTIOUS DISEASES :
hygiene, disinfectants, sterilization, antiseptics and vaccination
Prevention
55
Chemical substances that destroy microorganisms
ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS
56
can be applied safely to the body
Antiseptic
57
cannot be used on the body directly but are used to clean work surfaces, crockery, cutlery, but are used to clear work surfaces, crockery, cutlery, instruments etc.
Disinfectants
58
Removal of any living organisms from a non-living object or material
Sterilization
59
pasteurizing milk, tinned food
Heat
60
autoclave where steam under pressure is fed into sealed chamber
Steam
61
longer wave lengths have no effect shorter wavelength such as UV lights results in death
Radiation
62
Is the process of introducing vaccine into the body to produce antibodies that will protect our body against a specific infectious agent
Immunization
63
An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe pertussis (True or False)
True
64
What is DPT?
DPT (DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSIS, AND TETANUS VACCINE)
65
caused by Corynebacterum diphteria
Diphtheria
66
caused by Clostrodium tetani
Tetanus
67
caused by Bordetella pertussis
Pertusis
68
What is OPV?
OPV (ORAL POLIO VACCINE)
69
The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given (True or False)
True
70
caused by Polio virus
Poliomyelitis
71
What is MMR?
MMR (MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA VACCINE)
72
caused by measles virus
Measles
73
caused by mumps virus
Mumps
74
caused by rubella virus
German measles
75
What is HIB?
HIB (H. INFLUENZA TYPE B POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE)
76
caused by Haemophilus influenza
Meningitis
77
An early start of hepatitis B reduces the chance of being protects and becoming cancer
HEPATITIS B VACCINE
78
What is BGC?
Clue : Hindi eto lugar ha hmph
BCG (BACILLUS OF CALMETTE AND GUERIN)
79
BCG given at the earliest possible protects against the possibility of infection from other family members (True or False)
True
80
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
81
What is CDT?
CDT (CHOLERA, DYSENTERY, TYPHOID)
82
cause by Vibrio cholera
Cholera
83
caused by Shigella dysenteriae
Dysentery
84
caused by Salmonella typhi
Typhoid
85
Administration of drugs to prevent occurrence of infection
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
86
Placing mechanical barriers between the sources of agent and host such as use of mosquito nets, masks, or gloves
MECHANICAL PROPHYLAXIS
