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Microbiology > Review Of Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Review Of Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 5 major microorganisms

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi(molds/yeasts) protozoa, algae

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2
Q

What are the two levels or stages of infection control?

A

Disinfection, sterilization

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3
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

Recognized the existence of tiny “living particles” that cause “catching” (contagious) diseases
Spread by direct contact with humans indirect contact with objects

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4
Q

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

A

Discovered bacteria
First person to “see” a microbe.
Developed a primitive microscope
Named these small forms of life “animalcules”

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5
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Known as the “father of immunology”
Associated living organisms with disease
Discovered “pasteurization”
Created first vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and cholera.
Use heat to destroy vegetative bacteria and resistant bacterial spores

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6
Q

John Tyndall

A

Discovered the need for prolonged heating to destroy bacteria
Discovered that bacteria existed in two forms:
Heat sensitive
Heat stable
Discovered the process of “tyndallizarion”

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7
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovered endospores

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8
Q

Joseph lister

A

Discovered the role of airborne microorganisms
Discovered that airborne microorganisms can be reduced with carbolic acid(known as phenols today)
Used them in WW2 surgeries to clean wounds

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9
Q

Christian gram

A

Discovered gram staining

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10
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming

A

He discovered penicillin

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11
Q

Ignaz philipp Semmelweis

A

Responsible for recognizing the importance of hand washing

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12
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Immunization

Discovered through using cowpox to create immunity for smallpox

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13
Q

Wendell Stanley

A

Electron microscope

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14
Q

What are the two categories bacteria, algae, fungi and Protozoa are divided into?

A

Prokaryotes cells, eukaryotes cells

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15
Q

Which microorganisms have nucleus?

A

Eukaryotes cells

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16
Q

Which microorganisms cell have a nucleus?

A

Eukaryote cell

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17
Q

Do viruses have prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells?

A

No

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18
Q

Which cell belongs to animal, plant, and fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

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19
Q

Which cell belongs to bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae, pili on a prokaryotic cell?

A

So that it can adhere to things

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21
Q

What did the granules do in the prokaryotic cell?

A

Function as an energy reserve

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22
Q

What contains RNA on the cell?

A

Ribosomes ( protein synthesis

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23
Q

What gives bacteria (prokaryotic cell) its ability to be resistant, and grow in physical and chemical agents (antibiotics)

A

Plasmids

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24
Q

What do granules contain in animal plant cells?

A

Polysaccharides (starch) and lipids.

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25
Q

What do vacuoles do in animal plant cells ( eukaryotic)

A

Gather food

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26
Q

What function in photosynthesis in a plant cell?

A

Chloroplasts

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27
Q

What is the smallest unicellular organism?

A

Bacteria cell. Prokaryotic

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28
Q

What are mesosomes in a bacterial cell?

A

Inward folding son the cytoplasmic membrane

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29
Q

In a bacterial cell what does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Water, enzymes, proteins, lipids, carbs

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30
Q

What are the 3 major shapes for bacterial cell?

A

Spheres or cocci
Rods or bacilli
Spirilla or spirochetes ( spiral shape)

31
Q

What is the optimal growth for bacteria?

A

Ph 7

32
Q

What do bacteriostatic agents do?

A

Prevent growth without killing them

33
Q

Common bacterial diseases?

A

TB,syphilis,anthrax,leprosy,pneumonia,dental caries, perio disease, strep throat, E-colo, colitis, meningitis

34
Q

What are viruses composed of?

A

Nucleus acid, DNA or RNA, surrounded by protein

35
Q

Which microorganisms depends on a host cell for growth and replication?

A

Viruses

Obligate intracellular parasites

36
Q

How are viruses defined?

A

By their type of nucleus acid, DNA RNA
Symmetry of the virus
Whether or not they have an envelope surrounding itself

37
Q

Why must a viruse rely on a host’s metabolic machinery?

A

Because they cannot generate energy or synthesize nucleus acid and proteins by themselves

38
Q

What is the most common way a viruse it transmitted?

A

Droplets from sneezing, invading nasal cavity

39
Q

4 ways viruses may be transmitted?

A

Droplets, direct transfer, contaminated food or water, insects

40
Q

What is the incubation period for viruses?

A

Multiple within a host but no symptoms

In these time host transmit the virus to new unsuspecting hosts

41
Q

What is uncoating in viral replications?

A

Capsid is degraded to release nucleus acid

42
Q

What are the stages of viral replications?

A 
Attachment or adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Replication or syntheses of virus
Assembly
Release from host cell
43
Q

How to prevent viruses?

A

Immunization, infection control

44
Q

Common viral diseases?

A 
HIV AIDS
Hepatitis A,B,C
Herpes simplex 1 and 2 
S.A.R.S
Measles chickenpox 
Papovavirus (warts) 
Shingles 
Influenza/ common cold
West Nile
45
Q

Can measles cause lesions in the mouth?

A

Yes

46
Q

Are Protozoa different then bacteria and viruses?

A

Yes

47
Q

Where would you find Protozoa

A

In developing countries

48
Q

What is the largest microorganisms in microbiology?

A

Protozoa

49
Q

Where can Protozoa’ be founding the body?

A

Stomach. They break down cellulose and produce nutrients for their host

50
Q

What are characteristic of Protozoa?

A 
They contain no chlorophyll
Single cell 
Thrive in water 
Important as decomposers and recycle organic material 
Important in food chain
51
Q

What is a common Protozoa disease?

A

Malaria

52
Q

What parasite can be transmitted by direct contact and insects?

A

Protozoa parasites that produce infection

53
Q

Fungi’s

A

Mushrooms, moods, yeasts

Certain members of moods and yeasts are capable of causing diseases in human beings

54
Q

What type of cell is fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

55
Q

What does aerobic mean?

A

Requires oxygen for growth

56
Q

Characteristics for fungi

A

Contain a nucleus and nuclear membrane but lack chlorophyll

Most aerobic

57
Q

What are the two forms of fungi

A

A yeast form: unicellularform

A mold: elongated cells and produce spores that can be airborne and transmitted

58
Q

Common diseases of fungi

A

Oral candidiasis
Athletes foot
Diseases caused by fungi can be treated with topical antifungals such as “ nystatin”

59
Q

What are some fungal infection in dentistry?

A

Oral candidiasis
Thrush
Denture stomatitis
Candida albicans

60
Q

Ways you can get fungal infections?

A

Depressed body defenses, trauma to tissues, debilitating systemic diseases, long-term antibotic use

61
Q

What is CDC?

A

Centre for disease control

62
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

63
Q

What are signs that a virus multiple enough to not be in incubation stage?

A

Fever, swelling, skin discolouration, ulceration, pain, bleeding,watery eyes, and runny nose

64
Q

What is the incubation stage for flu?

A

2-3 days

65
Q

What does aciduric mean?

A

Can survive in an environment with high acid

66
Q

How is chickenpox, TB, and measles spread ?

A

Airborne infection

67
Q

Does ever cell have a cell wall?

A

No not mammalian cells just bacterial

68
Q

What does the capsule do in bacterial structure?

A

Protection from dying antiphagocytic: attachment to surfaces

69
Q

What does the endospores do in Bacteria structures?

A

Protection against adverse conditions

70
Q

Nucleoid in bacterial structure?

A

DNA control of cell activities

71
Q

Where is lysozyme present?

A

Salvia, tears, nasal secretions and other body secretions and is present inside white blood cells

72
Q

What do lysozyme do?

A

Destroy bacteria

73
Q

What is structure of bacteria cell?

A

Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, outer membrane (only gram negative bacteria)
Capsule, flagella, fimbriae pili, nucleiod, endospores

Microbiology (3 decks)

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