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Microbiology > Review Of Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Review Of Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are 5 major microorganisms

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi(molds/yeasts) protozoa, algae

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2
Q

What are the two levels or stages of infection control?

A

Disinfection, sterilization

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3
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

Recognized the existence of tiny “living particles” that cause “catching” (contagious) diseases
Spread by direct contact with humans indirect contact with objects

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4
Q

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

A

Discovered bacteria
First person to “see” a microbe.
Developed a primitive microscope
Named these small forms of life “animalcules”

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5
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Known as the “father of immunology”
Associated living organisms with disease
Discovered “pasteurization”
Created first vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and cholera.
Use heat to destroy vegetative bacteria and resistant bacterial spores

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6
Q

John Tyndall

A

Discovered the need for prolonged heating to destroy bacteria
Discovered that bacteria existed in two forms:
Heat sensitive
Heat stable
Discovered the process of “tyndallizarion”

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7
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovered endospores

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8
Q

Joseph lister

A

Discovered the role of airborne microorganisms
Discovered that airborne microorganisms can be reduced with carbolic acid(known as phenols today)
Used them in WW2 surgeries to clean wounds

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9
Q

Christian gram

A

Discovered gram staining

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10
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming

A

He discovered penicillin

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11
Q

Ignaz philipp Semmelweis

A

Responsible for recognizing the importance of hand washing

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12
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Immunization

Discovered through using cowpox to create immunity for smallpox

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13
Q

Wendell Stanley

A

Electron microscope

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14
Q

What are the two categories bacteria, algae, fungi and Protozoa are divided into?

A

Prokaryotes cells, eukaryotes cells

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15
Q

Which microorganisms have nucleus?

A

Eukaryotes cells

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16
Q

Which microorganisms cell have a nucleus?

A

Eukaryote cell

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17
Q

Do viruses have prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells?

A

No

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18
Q

Which cell belongs to animal, plant, and fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

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19
Q

Which cell belongs to bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae, pili on a prokaryotic cell?

A

So that it can adhere to things

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21
Q

What did the granules do in the prokaryotic cell?

A

Function as an energy reserve

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22
Q

What contains RNA on the cell?

A

Ribosomes ( protein synthesis

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23
Q

What gives bacteria (prokaryotic cell) its ability to be resistant, and grow in physical and chemical agents (antibiotics)

A

Plasmids

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24
Q

What do granules contain in animal plant cells?

A

Polysaccharides (starch) and lipids.

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25
What do vacuoles do in animal plant cells ( eukaryotic)
Gather food
26
What function in photosynthesis in a plant cell?
Chloroplasts
27
What is the smallest unicellular organism?
Bacteria cell. Prokaryotic
28
What are mesosomes in a bacterial cell?
Inward folding son the cytoplasmic membrane
29
In a bacterial cell what does the cytoplasm contain?
Water, enzymes, proteins, lipids, carbs
30
What are the 3 major shapes for bacterial cell?
Spheres or cocci Rods or bacilli Spirilla or spirochetes ( spiral shape)
31
What is the optimal growth for bacteria?
Ph 7
32
What do bacteriostatic agents do?
Prevent growth without killing them
33
Common bacterial diseases?
TB,syphilis,anthrax,leprosy,pneumonia,dental caries, perio disease, strep throat, E-colo, colitis, meningitis
34
What are viruses composed of?
Nucleus acid, DNA or RNA, surrounded by protein
35
Which microorganisms depends on a host cell for growth and replication?
Viruses | Obligate intracellular parasites
36
How are viruses defined?
By their type of nucleus acid, DNA RNA Symmetry of the virus Whether or not they have an envelope surrounding itself
37
Why must a viruse rely on a host's metabolic machinery?
Because they cannot generate energy or synthesize nucleus acid and proteins by themselves
38
What is the most common way a viruse it transmitted?
Droplets from sneezing, invading nasal cavity
39
4 ways viruses may be transmitted?
Droplets, direct transfer, contaminated food or water, insects
40
What is the incubation period for viruses?
Multiple within a host but no symptoms | In these time host transmit the virus to new unsuspecting hosts
41
What is uncoating in viral replications?
Capsid is degraded to release nucleus acid
42
What are the stages of viral replications?
``` Attachment or adsorption Penetration Uncoating Replication or syntheses of virus Assembly Release from host cell ```
43
How to prevent viruses?
Immunization, infection control
44
Common viral diseases?
``` HIV AIDS Hepatitis A,B,C Herpes simplex 1 and 2 S.A.R.S Measles chickenpox Papovavirus (warts) Shingles Influenza/ common cold West Nile ```
45
Can measles cause lesions in the mouth?
Yes
46
Are Protozoa different then bacteria and viruses?
Yes
47
Where would you find Protozoa
In developing countries
48
What is the largest microorganisms in microbiology?
Protozoa
49
Where can Protozoa' be founding the body?
Stomach. They break down cellulose and produce nutrients for their host
50
What are characteristic of Protozoa?
``` They contain no chlorophyll Single cell Thrive in water Important as decomposers and recycle organic material Important in food chain ```
51
What is a common Protozoa disease?
Malaria
52
What parasite can be transmitted by direct contact and insects?
Protozoa parasites that produce infection
53
Fungi's
Mushrooms, moods, yeasts Certain members of moods and yeasts are capable of causing diseases in human beings
54
What type of cell is fungi?
Eukaryotic
55
What does aerobic mean?
Requires oxygen for growth
56
Characteristics for fungi
Contain a nucleus and nuclear membrane but lack chlorophyll | Most aerobic
57
What are the two forms of fungi
A yeast form: unicellularform A mold: elongated cells and produce spores that can be airborne and transmitted
58
Common diseases of fungi
Oral candidiasis Athletes foot Diseases caused by fungi can be treated with topical antifungals such as " nystatin"
59
What are some fungal infection in dentistry?
Oral candidiasis Thrush Denture stomatitis Candida albicans
60
Ways you can get fungal infections?
Depressed body defenses, trauma to tissues, debilitating systemic diseases, long-term antibotic use
61
What is CDC?
Centre for disease control
62
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
63
What are signs that a virus multiple enough to not be in incubation stage?
Fever, swelling, skin discolouration, ulceration, pain, bleeding,watery eyes, and runny nose
64
What is the incubation stage for flu?
2-3 days
65
What does aciduric mean?
Can survive in an environment with high acid
66
How is chickenpox, TB, and measles spread ?
Airborne infection
67
Does ever cell have a cell wall?
No not mammalian cells just bacterial
68
What does the capsule do in bacterial structure?
Protection from dying antiphagocytic: attachment to surfaces
69
What does the endospores do in Bacteria structures?
Protection against adverse conditions
70
Nucleoid in bacterial structure?
DNA control of cell activities
71
Where is lysozyme present?
Salvia, tears, nasal secretions and other body secretions and is present inside white blood cells
72
What do lysozyme do?
Destroy bacteria
73
What is structure of bacteria cell?
Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, outer membrane (only gram negative bacteria) Capsule, flagella, fimbriae pili, nucleiod, endospores

Microbiology (3 decks)

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