Review of Bio 130 Flashcards
Chapter 2,4 and 5
define organic molecules
molecules that contain carbon, when associated with living things it is known as biomolecules (carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides)
describe the 4 biomolecules brefily
lipids: carbon and hydrogen; backbone of glycerol and fatty acids; non polar so they are not soluble in water; fats are solid at room temp and oils are liquid
carbs: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
protein: polymers of small building blocks called amino acids; conjugated and glycosylated; functional groups
nucleotides: nitrogen with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are the 4 important rules of electrons?
- covalent bonds ( atoms sharing electrons)
- ions (noncovalent bonds = ions are attracted to one another) (anion = - and cation = +)
- High-energy electrons
- free radicals (unstable moelucles with unparied electron)
what is the difference between polar and non-polar?
polar molecules have +/- poles creating strong attractions to other molecules, and non-polar is when the electrons are distributed equally that there is no region of +/-
what is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
phobic is when molecules do not dissolve well in water (polar head and nonpolar fatty acid tail), phillic is when they dissolve easily in water (form hydration shells)
what are the 7 categories of soluble proteins?
- enzymes (catalyst)
- membrane transporters (move stuff between intra and extracellular matrix)
- signal molecules
- receptors (bind signal moelucles to initiate cell responses)
- binding proteins (transport molecules throughout body)
- immunoglobulins (antibodies)
- regulatory proteins (regulate and adjust cell process)
define chemical energy
making and breaking chemical bonds
- transport work: allows cells to move ions, and molecules through the membrane
- mechanical work: for movement
