Review M1 L2

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

Change in a species by means of natural selection ….not sure if this the correct answer??????

Question 2

What were the early ideas of the fixity of species, who proposed them

Answer 2

The idea was god made the world and everything is as God built them, no change…immutible.
See Aristotle “ Great Chain of Being” and Archbishop Usher the earth was full and short existence

Question 3

What did Ray and Linneaus suggest?

Answer 3

John Ray: came up with the idea of species, genes, & biological relationships between species
Carolus Linneaus: Binomial nomenclature (genus and speices) , Taxonomy- describing in hierarchical manner, Classification & different degrees of relatedness

Question 4

What were Lamarck’s ideas about species change?

Answer 4

Lamark suggested that ….

Question 5

What did Hutton and Lyell contribute ?

Answer 5

Hutton: Uniformitarianism -geological processes same as in the past
Lyell: Geological processes are slow and gradual…deep time

Question 6

How did Malthus principle of population and artificial breeding help

Answer 6

Malthus showed despite the potential for exponential growth in species, populations are roughly stable…populations are limited by resources or other factors

Question 7

How did artificial breeding (dogs, cows) and the Malthus principle of population help develop the theory of Natural Selection

Answer 7

Darwin saw how traits could be bred selectively to increase a trait frequency such as tiny poodles, fast horses or beefy cows

Question 8

Who developed the theory of evolution by means of naturel selection?

Answer 8

Charles Darwin

Question 9

Describe Darwin 5 observations and 3 deductions

Answer 9

Obsv # 1: potential for exponential growth
Obsv # 2: Populations are roughly stable
Obsv #3: Limiting resources
Deduction #1: there is a struggle for existence
Obsv #4: lots of variation
Obsv #5: Traits seem inheritable
Deduction #2 : Differentiation, survival & reproduction + naturel selection
Deduction #3: Change happens over many generations
= evolution

Question 10

Define natural selection and fitness

Answer 10

Natural selection … individuals best adapted to their environment contribute more offspring than others do
Fitness: reproductive success ( surviving offspring)