ANT BIO: Cells and Molecules

Question 1

Differential survival and reproductive success over generations is called …?

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

List 3 pre-conditons for natural selection

Answer 2

Inheritence, genetic variation and environmental pressure

Question 3

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

a single cell organism…e.g. blue green alge, bacteria

Question 4

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 4

more complex than a prokaryotic cell, it has a nucleus a cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 5

What are the two general types of cells?

Answer 5

1. Somatic or “body cells”
2. Gametes or “Sex” cells…female egg also called ova or oocytes produced in the ovaries/ male sperm cells produced in the testes

Question 6

What is DNA?

Answer 6

hereditary material… Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 7

What are the 2 main functions of DNA ?

Answer 7

1. Replicate, make copies of itself

2. Direct protien synthesis, control the building and maintenance of the body

Question 8

What are the main structures of DNA?

Answer 8

1. Double strand (anti-parallel)

2. Nucleotides

Question 9

What are examples of Nucleotides found in DNA

Answer 9

Nucleotides can be made up of phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose) and nitogenous bases ( purins such as adenine-A, guanine-G, and pyrimidines such as cytosine- C and thyamine -T

Question 10

What is a codon?

Answer 10

A group of 3 nitrogenous bases… (picture groups on the ladder rungs see slide 20) these can be instructions for a specific amino acid or a STOP!

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

A fundamental unit of hereditary, ….includes a sequence of bases on DNA with a specific function

Question 12

List the features of DNA

Answer 12

Double strand, anti parrallel,
Nucleotides of Phophate and Sugar: deoxyribose
Nitrogenus bases: purins, prymidines C and T

Question 13

List the features of RNA

Answer 13

Single strand
Nucleotides of phosphate, sugar RIBSOMES (not deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous bases, purins,A,G and Pyrimidines C, **Uracil or U

Question 14

Name the 3 types of RNA ?

Answer 14

Messenger- mRNA, Ribosomal rRNA and Transfer tRNA

Question 15

What do Messenger RNA - “mRNA” do?

Answer 15

transport genetic info ( DNA) to the site of protien synthesis, the message is sent in 3 bases or “codons”

Question 16

What do Ribsomal RNA - “ rRNA” do?

Answer 16

make up ribosomes along with protein

Question 17

What do Transfer RNA or tRNA do?

Answer 17

they are free floating molecues that are attracted to mRNA and carry specific amnio acids and an anticodon

Question 18

Protein synthesis has 2 processes…

Answer 18

The first is Transcription and the second part is called Translation

Question 19

Explain transcription protein synthesis

Answer 19

In transcription the DNA temporarily separates and the mRNA lines up inside it…then….

Question 20

Explain translation in protein synthesis

Answer 20

After transcription the mRNA moves to the ribosome, the ribosome then moves along the mRNA. tRNA picks up amino acids, anitcodon binds to the mRNA codon and finally amino acids are linked and the result is a protien! (see slide 28)