ANT BIO: Cells and Molecules Flashcards
Differential survival and reproductive success over generations is called …?
Natural selection
List 3 pre-conditons for natural selection
Inheritence, genetic variation and environmental pressure
What is a prokaryotic cell?
a single cell organism…e.g. blue green alge, bacteria
What is a eukaryotic cell?
more complex than a prokaryotic cell, it has a nucleus a cell membrane and cytoplasm
What are the two general types of cells?
- Somatic or “body cells”
- Gametes or “Sex” cells…female egg also called ova or oocytes produced in the ovaries/ male sperm cells produced in the testes
What is DNA?
hereditary material… Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the 2 main functions of DNA ?
- Replicate, make copies of itself
2. Direct protien synthesis, control the building and maintenance of the body
What are the main structures of DNA?
- Double strand (anti-parallel)
2. Nucleotides
What are examples of Nucleotides found in DNA
Nucleotides can be made up of phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose) and nitogenous bases ( purins such as adenine-A, guanine-G, and pyrimidines such as cytosine- C and thyamine -T
What is a codon?
A group of 3 nitrogenous bases… (picture groups on the ladder rungs see slide 20) these can be instructions for a specific amino acid or a STOP!
What is a gene?
A fundamental unit of hereditary, ….includes a sequence of bases on DNA with a specific function
List the features of DNA
Double strand, anti parrallel,
Nucleotides of Phophate and Sugar: deoxyribose
Nitrogenus bases: purins, prymidines C and T
List the features of RNA
Single strand
Nucleotides of phosphate, sugar RIBSOMES (not deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous bases, purins,A,G and Pyrimidines C, **Uracil or U
Name the 3 types of RNA ?
Messenger- mRNA, Ribosomal rRNA and Transfer tRNA
What do Messenger RNA - “mRNA” do?
transport genetic info ( DNA) to the site of protien synthesis, the message is sent in 3 bases or “codons”
What do Ribsomal RNA - “ rRNA” do?
make up ribosomes along with protein
What do Transfer RNA or tRNA do?
they are free floating molecues that are attracted to mRNA and carry specific amnio acids and an anticodon
Protein synthesis has 2 processes…
The first is Transcription and the second part is called Translation
Explain transcription protein synthesis
In transcription the DNA temporarily separates and the mRNA lines up inside it…then….
Explain translation in protein synthesis
After transcription the mRNA moves to the ribosome, the ribosome then moves along the mRNA. tRNA picks up amino acids, anitcodon binds to the mRNA codon and finally amino acids are linked and the result is a protien! (see slide 28)
