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Business Administration Review > Review LA exam > Flashcards

Review LA exam Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 reasons livestock production is important.

A

1) Food supply
2) The economy
3) Livestock can graze on land unsuitable for crop production
4) Provide valuable by-products

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2
Q

Why are animal based proteins better for us?

A

Provide a better balance of amino acids

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3
Q

How is livestock fecal matter utilized? (3)

A

1) Fertilizer
2) renewable energy source
3) bedding for livestock

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4
Q

List the main livestock raised for production in Canada. (7)

A

1) Beef cattle
2) Dairy cattle
3) Hogs
4) Poultry
5) Sheep
6) Goats
7) Aqua culture

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5
Q

How many Canadians are employed as a result of agriculture?

A

84000

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6
Q

What is the main production in Atlantic Canada? (2)

A

Dairy and Poultry

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7
Q

Where else are farm animals/livestock utilized besides food production? (4)

A

1) hobby farms
2) sports- (rodeo, racing, show jumping)
3) animal-assisted therapy for humans
4) work and labour (crops, logging)

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8
Q

Outline the main DVM role in livestock farm visits. (3)

A

1) individual animal care
2) herd health
3) producer consultation
4) One Health initiative

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9
Q

Why is it essential that producers be prudent with antimicrobial use in their livestock?

A

antibiotic resistance

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10
Q

What is One Health’s primary focus?

A

Minimize the spread and risk of zoonotic disease and contribute to the health of the planet.

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11
Q

Outline the veterinarian’s role in livestock production and its management. (4)

A

1) public health
2) preventative medicine
3) consultation and herd health management
4) animal welfare

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12
Q

What is the difference between a heifer and a cow?

A

heifer-young female that has not calved
cow-female that has calved

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13
Q

List the region of origin for the following dairy cattle:
1) Holstein
2) Jersey
3) Ayrshire
4) Brown Swiss
5) Milking Shorthorn
6) Guernsey
6)

A

1) Netherlands
2) Channel Island
3) Scotland
4) Switzerland
5) England
6) Channel Island

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14
Q

What human disease does Johne’s in cattle compare to?

A

Crone’s

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15
Q

What is the reason for removing the calf from the dam within 24 hours of birth?

A

Minimizes the spread of disease

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16
Q

List the pros to housing calves individually. (4)

A

a) minimize the spread of disease
b) easy disinfection
c) monitoring food intake
d) minimizes cross sucking

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17
Q

List the cons to housing calves individually. (2)

A

less social interaction and ability to exhibit play behaviours

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18
Q

List the pros to group housing of calves. (3)

A

-social interaction/play behaviour
-competition/mimicking which increases food intake
-easier to bed

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19
Q

List the cons to group housing of calves. (3)

A

-spread disease quicker
-difficult to monitor individual food intake
-more difficult to disinfect

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20
Q

Calves are monogastric at birth. T/F

A

True

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21
Q

Define the esophageal groove in a calf.

A

The esophageal groove bypasses the reticulem and rumen and enters into the abomasum. (monogastric)

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22
Q

What are the two most common types of housing for Dairy cattle?

A

tie stall and free stall

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23
Q

List the cons to free stalling. (3)

A

-monitoring individuals is difficult
-competition at the feed bunk
-if lame, small or submissive difficult for them to access feed bunk

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24
Q

Define dry cow.

A

In the stage of their lactation cycle where milk production ceases prior to calving.

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25
Q

What is parturition?

A

The act of giving birth.

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26
Q

What is dystocia?

A

Difficult birth.

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27
Q

What is volvulus?

A

An obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach.

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28
Q

_______________ displaced abomasum is a life threatening emergency.

A

RIGHT

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29
Q

List the british breeds of beef cattle discussed. (3)

A

-Aberdeen angus
-Hereford
-Shorthorn

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30
Q

List the exotic breeds of beef cattle discussed. (3)

A

-Charolais
-Simmental
-Limousin

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31
Q

What are the terminal breeds of beef cattle we discussed? (3)

A

-Limousin
-Charolais
-Simmental

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32
Q

How long do beef cattle calves tend to stay with their mothers?

A

6-10 months

33
Q

How old are beef heifers when they are bred?

A

14 months

34
Q

What is the typical weight of a finished animal in beef production?

A

1350-1400lbs

35
Q

What is meat grading based on?

A

The amount of intramuscular fat (marbling) which yields the best flavour.

36
Q

What is the main food source for a cow-calf operation?

A

Pasture

37
Q

What is the main food source for feedlot cattle?

A

highly grain focused with some haylage

38
Q

What are the two types of veal?

A

White and red

39
Q

Explain the difference between white and red veal.

A

White-milk fed to 400-500lbs (5mos old)
Red-milk and grain fed to 650-700lbs (7mos old)

40
Q

What is a common difference between beef and dairy cattle for a veterinarian?

A

beef cattle are handled less and are generally less docile

41
Q

List the typical PPE for for farm medicine. (4)

A

1) steel toed boots (rubber preferred)
2) coveralls
3) exam gloves
4) rectal gloves

42
Q

One set of coveralls is good for the day for a veterinarian on farm calls. T/F

A

False-one set per farm minimum

43
Q

Where is a bovine’s blind spot?

A

directly behind them

44
Q

Always approach cattle from ____________.

A

the side-let them know you are there

45
Q

What is the bovine flight zone?

A

An imaginary boundary that circles the cow. They will retreat when you enter this zone.

46
Q

The point of balance on cattle is where?

A

at the shoulders

47
Q

To make a bovine move forward you must be

A

behind the point of balance (in front will make them move backwards)

48
Q

Self-locking headgates are situated where for ease of use?

A

the feedbunk

49
Q

Squeeze chutes were designed based on which behaviourists research?

A

Temple Grandin

50
Q

When tying a haltered bovine always use a

A

quick release knot

51
Q

Where is the nose tong used on cattle for restraint and what can you use if no tongs available?

A

The nasal septum
fingers

52
Q

Where is a kick bar positioned?

A

Bottom hook under skin fold on flank, just in front of the stifle joint and then angled back towards the tail head and hooked over the spine.

53
Q

What does a tail jack do in restraint of cattle?

A

immobilizes animal through distraction

54
Q

What must you NEVER do to move a down cow?

A

Drag it. INHUMANE Use a sled and drag the sled.

55
Q

How do horses rest safely in a standing position?

A

Their stay apparatus

56
Q

How many inches are in a hand when measuring a horse’s height?

A

4

57
Q

What is the height cut off for pony to horse?

A

under 14.2 hands is a pony

58
Q

What differentiates a dun from a buckskin in horse colouring?

A

A dorsal stripe.

59
Q

Paint is a colour/ T/F

A

False

60
Q

List a warm-blooded breed of horse discussed in class. (4)

A

Dutch, Holstein, Hanoverian, Oldenburg

61
Q

List a draft breed discussed in class. (3)

A

Clydesdale, Percheron, Belgian

62
Q

List a hot-blooded breed of horse.

A

Thoroughbred and Arabian

63
Q

What is the knee of the horse?

A

carpus

64
Q

Which teeth erupt in 70% of horses around 5-12mos of age?

A

Wolf teeth

65
Q

What is a hindgut fermenter?

A

The large intestine is the site of the fermentation of ingested fiber.

66
Q

What is unique about a foal’s GI anatomy?

A

Only have a fore stomach for the first 3-4mos.

67
Q

How do horses differ from donkeys in what they should be fed?

A

horses need some legumes

68
Q

What is straw?

A

Stalk left from grain, oat, wheat, barley, rice and rye

69
Q

What horses should be fed grain?

A

Working, competition, hard keepers

70
Q

What is the main reason horses seek shelter?

A

bugs

71
Q

What are some bad habits horses can develop when their environment is not sufficiently enriched?

A

Weaving, striking/pawing, and cribbing.

72
Q

What are the 5 main types of environmental enrichment required?

A

1) social
2) nutritional
3) occupational
4) physical
5) sensory

73
Q

Why is it beneficial for all the horses to be examined in a barn the same day by the veterinarian?

A

One call fee

74
Q

What is checked on an equine physical exam? (7)

A

1) TPR
2) GI sounds
3) skin/coat
4) BCS/MCS
5) ears
6) dental
7) hooves

75
Q

What body part is involved with equine URI?

A

The gutteral pouch

76
Q

What rating is normal gut motility in a horse?

A

2+

77
Q

What BCS scale is used in horses?

A

1-9

78
Q

What is the most common reason for an equine non-emergency, “sick” exam?

A

lameness

Business Administration Review (2 decks)

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