Review Info Flashcards
What is the dorsal column of the SC responsible for
proprioception, 2 point discrimination, and vibration
What is the lateral column of the SC responsible for
voluntary motor
What is the ventral column of the SC responsible for
pain and temperature
terminates in the brainstem and innervates cranial nerves bilaterally
corticobulbar tract
10-15% of axons. Do not cross in medulla and go bilaterally
Anterior corticospinal
85-90% of axons that project from motor cortex to SC.
Lateral corticospinal
where does the lateral corticospinal tract cross
medulla
extrapyrmidal tract that tells us where we are in space
vestibulospinal
extrapyramidal tract that helps us move body in response to sudden changes in movement
tectospinal
extrapyramidal tract that gives muscle tone
rubrospinal
what does the spinothalamic tract give us
crude touch, pressure, pain, and temp
what does the medial leminiscal tract give us
touch, vibration, and propriocpetion
gives us unconscious proprioceptive information
spinocerebellar tract
where does the medial lemniscal tract cross
medulla
where do the spinothalamic tract cross
in the spinal cord
lesion in which one side of the SC is damaged
Brown Sequard
Deficits seen with a Brown Sequard Lesion
- IL loss of propriocpetion, vibration, and 2 point discrimination
- IL spasticity
- IL motor paralysis
- CL loss of pain and temp
Deficits seen with anterior cord syndrome
-Bilateral loss of motor function and pain/temp sensitivity
Deficits seen with central cord syndrome
Mild case would give UE paralysis/sensory loss with normal functioning of thoraco, lumbar, and sacral cord
—> usually just UE sx unless it extends further out from the center
Hemisphere of brain responsible for: visual spatial awareness, visual memory, attention, creativity and music perception, and left sided motor control
Rt hemisphere
Hemisphere of brain responsible for: language, sequencing, mood, memory, logic, and control of right body movements
Left hemisphere
Blood supply to frontal lobe
MCA, ACA (MCA more superficial and ACA is deeper)
Which lobe is Broca’s area in
frontal lobe
which area of brain is damaged if individual has difficulties with: attention and concentration, self-monitoring, organization, awareness of abilities and limitations, mental flexibility, inhibition of behavior, emotions, problem solving, and judgement
prefrontal area
Does MCA or ACA go deeper in the frontal lobe
ACA deeper
Blood supply to parietal lobe
MCA, ACA
What is damaged when an individual has issues with contralateral sensation, astereognosis, agraphaestesia, contralateral homoymous lower quadrantopia, sensory seizures, and extinction phenomenon
Unilateral parietal lobe
what is prosopagnosis
inability to recognize faces
What is damaged if someone has: conduction aphasia, dyscalculia, dyslexia, apraxia, agnosia
Dominant hemisphere of parietal lobe
What is damaged if someone has: spatial disorientation, constructional apraxia, dressing apraxia, and anosognosia
Non-dominant hemisphere of parietal lobe
What is anosognosia
person is unaware they have a disability
what is constructional apraxia
when someone cannot figure out what to do with something (like a hairbrush or toothbrush)
What supplies the occipital lobe
PCA
impairment in recognition of visually presented objects
Visual agnosia
Homonomous hemianopia
loss of half the vision out of each eye
inability to see but not always aware of inability to see and may have hallucinations
cortical blindness
Blood supply to cerebellum
SCA, AICA, and PICA
What is injured when someone has: dysmetria, dysarthria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor, impaired balance, difficulty with skilled motor activity, ataxia, nystagmus, vertigo, impaired motor learning, and hypotonia
Cerebellum
problems judging distances or ranges of motion
dysmetria
problems with speech articulation
dysarthria
involuntary movement with active movement
intention tremor
difficulty with coordinated smooth movement
ataxia
Blood supply to brainstem
basilar artery and vertebral artery
What is injured with: vertigo, ataxia, diploplia, decr arousal and consciousness, locked in syndrome, difficulty breathing/swallowing, autonomic dysfunction, positive cranial nerve signs (3-12), alternating hemiplegia
Brainstem
Blood supply to temporal lobe
MCA, ACA, Vertibrobasilar a
What is injured when someone has: impaired STM/LTM, difficulty learning, difficulty with auditory processing, Wernicke’s aphasia, word agnosia, hearing, visual agnosia
Temporal lobe
Common impairments with MCA damage
Weakness on CL UE>LE,
CL sensory loss in UE>LE
If on dominant side then Broca/Wernicke’s apahsia
If on non-dominant side then neglect
Common impairments when the Lenticulostriate branches of MCA are damaged
CL weakness/CL sensory loss
Both UE and LE issues
Common impairments with ACA injury
impaired judgement, decision making, planning, organizing, personality, incontinence (if micturation area is impacted), hemiplegia, sensory loss, and motor planning issues
Common impairments with PCA stroke
CL homonomous hemianopsia, CL sensory deficits, alexia without agraphia, dizziness
What two arteries are involved with Wallenburgs syndrome
PICA and vertebral artery
Common impairments with Wallenburg’s Syndrome
CL sensory loss, ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral horners syndrome (ptosis, myosis, anhidrosis)
Most common of the brain stem strokes
Wallenbergs
What artery is involved with Webers Syndrome
PCA
What are the common impairments with Webers Syndrome
CL hemiparesis, IL oculomotor nerve palsy
What two arteries are involved with Locked-In Syndrome
AICA, and Basilar artery
Impairments seen with locked in syndrome:
quadriplegia, paralysis of the eyes except vertical eye movement, and completeley cognitively intact
Type of aphasia where comprehension is intact but verbal fluency is impaired
Non-fluent aphasia (Broca’s)
Type of aphasia where comprehension is impaired but can talk fluently but non-sensical
Receptive (Wernicke’s)
where there is NO movement on one side of the body
hemiplegia
where there is weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
